Preparation, Characterization, and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Elimination Effect of Baicalein-Loaded β-Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan Nanoparticles

Abstract

Background and Purpose Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) colonization in medical implants are resistant to antibiotics due to the formation of bacterial biofilm internal. Baicalein (BA) has been confirmed as an inhibitor of bacterial biofilm with less pronounced effects owing to its poor solubility and absorption. Studies have found that β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan (CD-CS) can improve drug efficiency as a drug carrier. Therefore, this research aims to prepare BA-loaded CD-CS nanoparticles (CD-CS-BA-NPs) for S. aureus biofilm elimination enhancement. Methods CD-CS-BA-NPs were prepared via the ultrasonic method. The NPs were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Malvern Instrument. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the NPs were investigated. The biofilm models in vivo and in vitro were constructed to assess the S. aureus biofilm elimination ability of the NPs. The Confocal laser method (CLSM) and the Live/Dead kit were employed to explore the mechanism of the NPs in promoting biofilm elimination. Results CD-CS-BA-NPs have an average particle size of 424.5 ± 5.16 nm, a PDI of 0.2 ± 0.02, and a Zeta potential of 46.13 ± 1.62 mV. TEM images revealed that the NPs were spherical with uniform distribution. XRD and TGA analysis verified the formation and the thermal stability of the NPs. The NPs with a MIC of 12.5 ug/mL exhibited a better elimination effect on S. aureus biofilm both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism study demonstrated that the NPs may permeate into the biofilm more easily, thereby improving the biofilm elimination effect of BA. Conclusion CD-CS-BA-NPs were successfully prepared with enhanced elimination of S. aureus biofilm, which may serve as a reference for future development of anti-biofilm agents.

Synergistic effect of polymyxin B with baicalein against mcr-1 postive Escherichia coli

“…Another investigation have reported that baicalein could effectively alleviate the damage of Shiga toxin secreted by Escherichia coli Shiga to Vero cells and improve cell activity in enterhemorrhagic patients [20]. Moreover, baicalein-loaded nanoparticles have the capacity to enhance elimination of S. aureus bio lm both in vivo and in vitro [41]. Nevertheless, the synergetic effect and correlated mechanism of baicalein with polymyxin B still remain obscure.…”

Strategies to Promote the Journey of Nanoparticles Against Biofilm‐Associated Infections

“…[121] Positive: Many cases reported that the positively charged NPs could facilitate biofilm penetration and improve the antibacterial efficiency by disrupting biofilms. [122][123][124][125][126] The positive micelles could strongly bind herring sperm DNA (as mimic eDNA) and endogenously proteinaceous amyloid fibrils of S. aureus biofilms. The interaction between the micelles and EPS components impeded the originated interactions among EPS components and bacterial cells, thus disrupting the integrity of biofilms and causing the matrix dispersal (Figure 4A-D).…”