Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of a Novel Anti-Tuberculosis Reconstruction Implant

Abstract

BackgroundReconstruction materials currently used in clinical for osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB) are unsatisfactory due to a variety of reasons. Rifampicin (RFP) is a well-known and highly effective first-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug. Poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) are two promising materials that have been used both for orthopedic reconstruction and as carriers for drug release. In this study we report the development of a novel anti-TB implant for osteoarticular TB reconstruction using a combination of RFP, PDLLA and nHA.MethodsRFP, PDLLA and nHA were used as starting materials to produce a novel anti-TB activity implant by the solvent evaporation method. After manufacture, the implant was characterized and its biodegradation and drug release profile were tested. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the implant was also evaluated in pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells using multiple methodologies.ResultsA RFP/PDLLA/nHA composite was successfully synthesized using the solvent evaporation method. The composite has a loose and porous structure with evenly distributed pores. The production process was steady and no chemical reaction occurred as proved by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, the composite blocks degraded and released drug for at least 12 weeks. Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 cells verified that the synthesized composite blocks did not affect cell growth and proliferation.ConclusionIt is feasible to manufacture a novel bioactive anti-TB RFP/PDLLA/nHA composite by the solvent evaporation method. The composite blocks showed appropriate properties such as degradation, drug release and biosafety to MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, the novel composite blocks may have great potential for clinical applications in repairing bone defects caused by osteoarticular TB.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanohydroxyapatite-Gelatin Composite with Streptomycin as Antituberculosis Injectable Bone Substitute

“…The absorbance at those peaks was taken to determine the standard curve and the correlation between the streptomycin concentration and its absorbance was obtained. The correlation of both parameters was then depicted in a linear curve with its equation in (4) with y being absorbance and x being concentration [23]. The streptomycin standard curve was presented at Figure 10.…”

“…The result was shown in Figure 11. The release profile of streptomycin was quite linear and in 4 hour, the amount of streptomycin released was almost 2.5% [23]. The initial concentration was 10%.…”

Functionalization of 3D-printed titanium alloy orthopedic implants: a literature review

“…With regard to the anti-infective effect, biocompatibility, mechanical properties and acting time of the treated implants, on the basis of the available evidence TiO 2 -PDA-Ag coating [95] and nano diamond coating [96] are better than the other methods. At present there is still insufficient research on anti-infection functions of 3DPTOIs [92][93][94][95][96][97], especially with regard to TB [102,103].…”

“…As it is very difficult for anti-TB drugs to reach lesions in bone tissue via oral administration or intravenous injection, it makes sense to construct implants that have anti-TB effects to increase the local concentration of drugs and avoid hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity [101]. Although anti-TB drugs have been loaded into titanium mesh and 3D-printed polymers [102,103], 3DPTOIs with an anti-TB effect have not yet been reported. We speculate that due to the high incidence and strong demand for osteoarticular TB treatment and the few side effects of topical chemotherapy, 3DPTOIs with an anti-TB effect will be constructed in the near future.…”

3D‐Printed Porous Tantalum Coated with Antitubercular Drugs Achieving Antibacterial Properties and Good Biocompatibility

“…[ 9–12 ] With the appearance of drug‐loaded scaffolds, the treatment options for local anti‐infection measures and the repair of bone defects in bone and joint tuberculosis have been further expanded. Examples include degradable polymer scaffolds (e.g., poly ε ‐caprolactone scaffolds), [ 13 ] hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate drug‐loaded scaffolds, [ 14–18 ] polymethyl methacrylate scaffolds, [ 7 ] and Ti plate metal scaffolds. [ 19 ] However, the elastic modulus of the biological scaffolds reported in these studies is different from that of bone tissue; as such, they do not have good biomechanical load‐bearing capacities, and cannot meet the requirements of the bone and joint biomechanics for weight bearing.…”