Preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity of CPT/Fe2O3-embedded PLGA ultrafine composite fibers: a synergistic approach to develop promising anticancer material

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of this study was to fabricate camptothecin/iron(III) oxide (CPT/Fe 2 O 3 )-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composite mats to modulate the CPT release and to improve the structural integrity and antitumor activity of the released drug. The CPT/Fe 2 O 3 -loaded PLGA ultrafine fibers were prepared for the first time by electrospinning a composite solution of CPT/Fe 2 O 3 and neat PLGA (4 weight percent). The physicochemical characterization of the electrospun composite mat was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction pattern. The medicated composite fibers were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on C2C12 cells using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St Louis, MO). The in vitro studies indicated a slow and prolonged release over a period of 96 hours with mild initial burst. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the interaction of CPT/Fe 2 O 3 with the PLGA matrix and showed that the crystallinity of CPT decreased after loading. Incorporation of CPT in the polymer media affected both the morphology and the size of the CPT/Fe 2 O 3 -loaded PLGA composite fibers. Electron probe microanalysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed welloriented composite ultrafine fibers with good incorporation of CPT/Fe 2 O 3 . The cytotoxicity results illustrate that the pristine PLGA did not exhibit noteworthy cytotoxicity; conversely, the CPT/Fe 2 O 3 composite fibers inhibited C2C12 cells significantly. Thus, the current work demonstrates that the CPT/Fe 2 O 3 -loaded PLGA composite fibers represent a promising chemotherapeutic system for enhancing anticancer drug efficacy and selectively targeting cancer cells in order to treat diverse cancers.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanofibers and Their Environmental Remediation Applications

“…Direct electrospinning of titania nanofibers on a conducting electrode was used to construct a cholesterol biosensor ( Figure 14 describes the synthesis and application of nanofibers as an enzymatic biosensor) that can detect esterified cholesterol from human blood with excellent sensitivity (181.6 μA/mg·dL -1 /cm 2 ) and rapid detection (20 s) [105]. Additionally, metal oxide nanofibers have found huge importance in immunolabeling, cell and molecular bioimaging, biosensing, treatment of tumor cells, soil nutrient sensing, and numerous photosensitive applications [188][189][190][191][192]. …”

pH-sensitive micelles self-assembled from polymer brush (PAE-<em>g</em>-cholesterol)-<em>b</em>-PEG-<em>b</em>-(PAE-<em>g</em>-cholesterol) for anticancer drug delivery and controlled release

“…1,2 Traditional antitumor drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), camptothecin (CPT), and paclitaxel (PTX), show high cytotoxicity for various tumor cells, but their clinical use is limited by many fatal drawbacks, such as poor solubility in water, uncontrolled release behavior, acquired multidrug resistance, and severe side effects. [3][4][5] To overcome these obstacles, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been designed and developed to efficiently deliver anticancer drugs to tumor sites and reduce accumulation in normal sites. For instance, nanoparticles, liquid emulsions, films, and liposomes have been prepared…”

5‐Florouracil‐loaded poly(lactic acid)‐poly(caprolactone) hybrid scaffold: Potential chemotherapeutic implant

“…Cancer is an enormous health concern and predominant cause of death worldwide during last few decades. Nanomaterials have unique properties of higher surface area to volume ratio, nanotechnology may be a new path for cancer treatments . Polymeric three dimensional structured materials as drug carriers allow the continuous and controlled localized therapeutic drugs release with a desired limit, specifically targeting the drugs to their intended infected tissues and cells to reduce drug doses for improving patient compliance and cure.…”

“…Polymeric three dimensional structured materials as drug carriers allow the continuous and controlled localized therapeutic drugs release with a desired limit, specifically targeting the drugs to their intended infected tissues and cells to reduce drug doses for improving patient compliance and cure. In the literature, polymeric cancer treatment/chemotherapeutic materials (film, micro or nanoparticles, nanofibers, and hydrogels) are developed by researcher using anticancerous drug/chemotherapic agents like 5‐florouracil, paclitaxel, doxorubicin and doxorubicin hydrochloride, daunorubicin, 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU), camptothecin, methotrexate, docetaxel, and gemcitabine . 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a well‐known antimetabolite water soluble drug used as treatment of solid tumors of childhood and adult cancer patients.…”

“…Doxorubicin hydrochloride‐loaded PLLA, 5‐Fu loaded poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers have also been developed for target release of anticancer drug. Targeted localize drug delivery using nanofibers is beneficiary due to its higher surface area and porous structure which may improve therapeutic effect, reduce toxicity, supports fast drug dissolution, and polymer degradation . Works are continuing on implantation to provide localized sustained release of chemotherapeutic drug to avoid tumor recurrence.…”