Preparation and use of in situ chemically bonded small-particle silica as packings in high-pressure liquid chromatography

Gilpin, R. K.; Camillo, D.J.; Janicki, Casimir A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)82294-3

Cited by 32 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Modern column selection, classification, characterization tests, and systems have evolved from the early works of Buszewski, − Engelhardt, − Euerby, − Gilpin, − Guiochon, − Horvath, ,,,− Jandera, − Kirkland, − Le Mahipan, − Majors, − Neue, − Sander and Wise, − Snyder, − Tanaka, − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2019

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Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor–acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, “end-capping”, bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly “experiment-free” column selection methodology, are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2019

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“…Columns modified with n-butyltrichlorosilane, 2-carbomethoxyethyltrichlorosilane, and 3-cyanopropyltrichlorosilane were prepared in-situ using optima pre-reaction and reaction conditions based on previous studies (16). After preparation, columns were conditioned with a solvent series of decreasing polarity (17) and chromatographically characterized as normal-phase packings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by 25 cm stainless steel columns were slurry-packed with LiChrosorb SI 60 silica (av. dp =G0 µ ) as previously described (16). Following packing, each column was conditioned with 100 mL of water, methanol, isopropanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dichloroethane, and at least 500 mL of water-saturated n-hexane.…”

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confidence: 99%