Preparation and surface modification of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) latices

Chonde, Y.; Lj, Liu; Krieger, Irvin M.

doi:10.1002/app.1980.070251025

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…ii) Addition of emulsifying agents (classical emulsion polymerization) *The initial number of particles provided by the seed was 6.35x10 15 iii) Copolymerization of a hydrophobic monomer and readily polymerizable emulsifying agents or hydrophilic derivatives of the hydrophobic monomer (in situ polymerization of surface-active agents or in situ grafting) iv) Polymerization in the presence of preformed polymers (template polymerization or in situ grafting polymerization).…”

Section: Colloidal Stability Of Polymer Colloids In the Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Forcada¹,

Hidalgo‐Álvarez

2005

COC

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Functionalized polymer colloids were synthesized by emulsion polymerization having specific ionic groups on surface. In this review, a comprehensive study on the synthesis of functionalized polymer colloids is carried out. Monodisperse polymer colloids with acetal, aldehyde, chloromethyl, and amino functionalities were synthesized by a multi-step emulsion polymerization process. In the first step, the seeds were synthesized by batch emulsion polymerization of styrene; and in the following steps, onto the previously formed polystyrene latex particles, the functional monomers were co-and/or ter-polymerized. Some of the synthesized latexes were chosen as the polymeric support to carry out the covalent coupling with a protein and to test the utility of the latex-protein complexes formed in immunoassays. In addition, the colloidal stability of polymer colloids is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. This study shows that classical DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek) theory can explain the stability of weakly charged polymer colloids. This is not sufficient in the case of highly charged polymer colloids using hydrophilic monomers. In such a system, the steric repulsion is not negligible and an electrosteric repulsion mechanism must be considered. Our interest has centered on studying this effect from a quantitative point of view. Although the method used contains five variables, it is possible to considerably reduce this number if some of them are calculated by alternative methods (ψd, δ) or taken from literature (A, χ).

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Section: Colloidal Stability Of Polymer Colloids In the Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Forcada¹,

Hidalgo‐Álvarez

2005

COC

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“…Until now, many polymerization methods, including suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, and soap‐free emulsion polymerization, have been developed to prepare mono‐ or narrow‐dispersed polymer microspheres 12–15. In 1980s, Ugelstad et al16, 17 developed a two‐stage swelling method to prepare microsize monodisperse microspheres, and Vanderhoff et al18, 19 developed a successive seeding approach to obtain large‐diameter microspheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of stabilizer‐free dispersion polymerization process of styrene and maleic anhydride copolymer microspheres

Liang¹,

Meng²,

Jiang³

et al. 2010

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The copolymer microspheres of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MA) were synthesized by stabilizer-free dispersion polymerization, and the polymerization process was explored in detail. The results showed that the homopolymerization of St formed in initial polymerization period served as stabilizer, and reaction solvent of closer solubility parameter would benefit the stabilizer-free dispersion polymerization. In addition, some principal factors affecting the microspheres size, such as reaction time, reaction temperature, monomer concentration, molar feed ratio, reaction media, and cosolvent, were investigated as well. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 5652-5658, 2010

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“…Until now, many polymerization methods, including suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, have been developed to prepare mono‐ or narrow‐dispersed polymer microspheres. Suspension polymerization yields polymer particles in the size range 50–1000 μm, usually with a broad size distribution,1, 2 whereas emulsion polymerization gives uniform microspheres in the size range 0.1–0.7 μm 3, 4. In 1980s, Ugelstad et al5, 6 developed a two‐stage swelling method to prepare micro‐size monodisperse microspheres, and Vanderhoff et al7, 8 developed a successive seeding approach to obtain large‐diameter microspheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate. I. Effects of principal factors on microspheres

Xing

Yang

2005

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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A novel dispersion copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MAn) and vinyl acetate (VAc) without adding stabilizer is developed, which gives uniform copolymer microspheres with tunable sizes. Some principal factors affecting the microspheres, such as reaction time, monomer concentration and feed ratio, reaction media, and cosolvent, were investigated. It was found that the stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization of MAn and VAc is a rapid process, and the particle size grows in accordance with the evolution of polymerization. The chemical composition of the copolymer microspheres was characterized by FT‐IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Over a wide range of monomer concentrations, the microspheres can always be formed and stably dispersed, with uniform sizes ranging from 180 nm to 740 nm. The yield of copolymer microspheres reaches a maximum at 1:1 feed ratio of MAn to VAc, owing to the alternating copolymerization between the binary monomers by a known charge‐transfer‐complex mechanism. However, the diameter of microspheres drastically increases when MAn content is enhanced. Only some specific alkyl ester solvents, such as n‐butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n‐amyl acetate, are desirably fit for this unique stabilizer‐free dispersion polymerization. Furthermore, we found that when some acetone is added as a cosolvent, the copolymer microspheres can still be formed, with much larger diameters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3760–3770, 2005

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Preparation and surface modification of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) latices

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Investigation of stabilizer‐free dispersion polymerization process of styrene and maleic anhydride copolymer microspheres

Stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate. I. Effects of principal factors on microspheres

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