Preparation and study of plastic compounds containing polyolefins and post used newspaper fibers

Baroulaki, I.; Karakasi, Olga K.; Pappa, Georgia D.; Tarantili, P. A.; Economides, D. G.; Magoulas, Kostis

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.10.012

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In that sense, if a tensile strength of 60 MPa is required, the equivalent fiber contents would be as follows: 17% wt FG, 26.5% wt alpha-fibers, and 47.5% wt SGW. The advantages of the specific properties of natural fiber-based composites over FG-reinforced composites have been discussed (Baroulaki et al 2006;Nedjma et al 2013). In that sense, the densities of alpha-fibers, SGW, and FG are 1.375, 1.33, and 2.45 g/cm 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Fig 1 Comparison Of the Tensile Strength Of Alpha-fiber-rementioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance-Tensile-Strength Alpha-Grass Reinforced Starch-Based Fully Biodegradable Composites

Gironès¹,

Espinach²,

Pellicer³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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aThough there has been a great deal of work concerning the development of natural fibers in reinforced starch-based composites, there is still more to be done. In general, cellulose fibers have lower strength than glass fibers; however, their specific strength is not far from that of fiberglass. In this work, alpha-fibers were obtained from alpha-grass through a mild cooking process. The fibers were used to reinforce a starch-based biopolymer. Composites including 5 to 35% (w/w) alpha-grass fibers in their formulation were prepared, tested, and subsequently compared with those of wood-and fiberglass-reinforced polypropylene (PP). The term "high-performance" refers to the tensile strength of the studied composites and is mainly due to a good interphase, a good dispersion of the fibers inside the matrix, and a good aspect ratio. The tensile strength of the composites showed a linear evolution for fiber contents up to 35% (w/w). The strain at break of the composites decreased with the fiber content and showed the stiffening effects of the reinforcement. The prepared composites showed high mechanical properties, even approaching those of glass fiber reinforced composites. Keywords INTRODUCTIONIt is commonly accepted that biopolymers and bio-fibers have the potential to replace or reduce the consumption of fossil fuel-derived plastics. In addition, to facilitate the recycling of these materials, such replacement should lead to reductions in energy consumption, pollution, and CO 2 emissions. Hence, fiber-reinforced composites are often described as eco-friendly materials. However, the mechanical properties and/or the price of such composites have rendered them inadequate for many applications to date. In general, cellulosic fibers have inferior strength compared to their synthetic counterparts, such as aramid, carbon, and glass fibers.Due to their lower density, some natural fibers have a specific strength not far from those of fiberglass. On the other hand, bio-based matrices (such as polylactic acid or polyhydroxybutyrate) remain more expensive than petroleum-derived polymers. Nevertheless, thanks to their price/performance balance, ongoing innovations are offering new commercial opportunities for bio-based polymers and their composites in several applications. PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLEbioresources.com Gironès et al. (2013). "Alpha/starch composites," BioResources 8(4), 6121-6135 6122Compared to lactones, butyrates, valerates, and other monomers used for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, starch is an inexpensive product whose transformation into a thermoplastic polymer can be accomplished in a rather straight-forward manner (Coombs and Hall 1998;Teixeira et al. 2007;Averous and Halley 2009;Dogossy and Czigany 2011;Gandini 2011). As a result, thermoplastic starch (TPS) is considered one of the most promising biopolymers for large-scale applications. During the last few decades, TPS has received considerable attention among the scientific world (John and Thomas 2008;Belhassen et al. 2009;Cañigueral et al. 2009;Cha...

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Section: Fig 1 Comparison Of the Tensile Strength Of Alpha-fiber-rementioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance-Tensile-Strength Alpha-Grass Reinforced Starch-Based Fully Biodegradable Composites

Gironès¹,

Espinach²,

Pellicer³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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“…This fact normally results in poor interfacial adhesion and in restricted ability of stress transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement. Therefore, the enhancement of 3 compatibility between the hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer and the hydrophilic natural fibers has attracted much attention of the researchers, and various techniques were evaluated in previous works [15][16][17][18]. Generally speaking, chemical modifications are used to decrease the polarity of the fibers surface in order increase its compatibility with the polymer surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the interfacial shears strength, orientation factor and mean equivalent intrinsic tensile strength in old newspaper fiber/polypropylene composites

Serrano

Espinach²,

Julián³

et al. 2013

Composites Part B: Engineering

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 angle and the mean interfacial shear strength. The contributions of the matrix, the subcritical and the supercritical fibers to the tensile strength of the composite material were also computed.

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“…Neat rPP and composites were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (TA Instrument DSC2910) to determine their melting and crystallization behaviors: melting temperature ( T m ), crystallization temperature ( T c ), melting enthalpy (Δ H m ), and crystallization (Δ H c ).Samples (7–10 mg) were heated under nitrogen from 40 to 200°C at a rate of 10°C/min and held at this temperature for 5 min, then cooled at −10°C/min to −50°C, followed by a second heating ramp at 10°C/min to 200°C. The percentage of crystallinity ( X c %) of the samples was calculated using the following equation:

X_{c} % = \frac{Δ H_{m}}{Δ H_{m}^{0}} \times \frac{100}{w}

where Δ H m is the experimental melting enthalpy (J/g) and

Δ H_{m}^{0}

is the melting enthalpy of a PP matrix(137.9 J/g) , and w is the weight fraction of rPP in the composites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With growing environmental awareness, to recycle and reuse these waste plastics as the composites polymer matrix material has attracted research interest. Various recycled plastics (e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene) accompanying with different wastepaper fibers to compound 100% waste materials based composites have been attempted .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of undeinked, alkaline deinked, and neutral deinked old newspaper fibers reinforced recycled polypropylene composites

Zhang

Cong

et al. 2017

Polymer Composites

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The properties of old newspaper fibers (ONPF) reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites (ONPF/rPP) have been studied. The effect of alkaline and neutral deinking treatments of ONPF was investigated. The tensile and flexural strength of ONPF/rPP composites were significantly improved when compared to the neat rPP. Composites from neutral deinked fibers showed slightly better mechanical strength than that reinforced by alkaline deinked fibers. The effect of the ONPF deinking treatment on the water absorption of the composites was notable. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that deinked ONPF/rPP composites had lower thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry showed deinking treatment reduced the degree of crystallinity of composites as compared to the undeinked composites. X‐ray diffraction was used to characterize the crystallization structures of composites. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of 20 wt% ONPF/rPP composites showed well fiber dispersion in the matrix. Interfacial adhesion was decreased in the deinked samples due to removal of ink particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3537–3544, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Preparation and study of plastic compounds containing polyolefins and post used newspaper fibers

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

High-Performance-Tensile-Strength Alpha-Grass Reinforced Starch-Based Fully Biodegradable Composites

High-Performance-Tensile-Strength Alpha-Grass Reinforced Starch-Based Fully Biodegradable Composites

Estimation of the interfacial shears strength, orientation factor and mean equivalent intrinsic tensile strength in old newspaper fiber/polypropylene composites

Characteristics of undeinked, alkaline deinked, and neutral deinked old newspaper fibers reinforced recycled polypropylene composites

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