Preparation and sintering of nanocrystalline ITO powders with different SnO2 content

Solid state sintering of nano-crystalline indium tin oxide

“…lower than 1200 • C, which has received very little attention in the literature, is also emphasized. The present findings are compared to corresponding studies of nano-crystalline powders prepared by co-precipitation 14,15,17,18,20 or mixtures of nano-crystalline In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 . 19 Finally, the importance of ball-milling to remove agglomerates in nano-crystalline materials is illustrated.…”

“…The phase purity was particularly important with respect to previous studies of nano-crystalline ITO materials. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The crystallite sizes of the In 2 O 3 and the ITO powders, calculated by the Scherrer equation, was found to be 26 ± 1 nm and 16 ± 2 nm respectively. The BET surface areas of the powders were 24.9 ± 0.8 and 39.4 ± 1.3 m 2 /g, giving an average particle size of 34 ± 1 nm for In 2 O 3 and 21 ± 1 nm for ITO.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In most of these studies nano-crystalline In 2 O 3 and ITO was prepared by co-precipitation methods. [14][15][16][17][18]20,21 Single phase SnO 2 -doped In 2 O 3 can however not be prepared by co-precipitation due to simultaneous precipitation of both In and Sn hydroxides, resulting in heterogeneous cation distribution. 17,21 Recently we have developed an aqueous sol-gel route to synthesize single phase nano-crystalline ITO powders, 23 which overcome the problems related to the co-precipitation route.…”

Modified Pechini Synthesis of Oxide Powders and Thin Films

“…In most of these studies, nano-crystalline In2O3 and ITO were prepared by co-precipitation (Kim et al 2002;Kim et al 2006), although a few reports with modified Pechini-methods exist (Sunde et al 2012). The modified Pechini methods avoid the simultaneous precipitation of both indium and tin hydroxides, which ruins the homogeneity on the atomic scale using coprecipitation.…”

Influence of pH in Obtaining Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles by Microwave Assisted Solvothermal Method

“…Finally, samples were oven dried at 80 ºC before being further characterized. All samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku, model RINT 2000), using CuKα radiation, in the 2θ range from 10º to 70º 26,27 . Morphological and structural characterizations of the selected samples were performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Philips, model CM200) operated at 200 kV, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM; JEOL, model 7500F).…”