Preparation and Properties of Hydrated Titanium Peroxide

Jere, G.V.; Patel, C. C.

doi:10.1002/zaac.19623190308

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2 needs to form a TiO 2+x composition upon reversible Li extraction, possibly resulting in titanium peroxide ͑predominantly at the surface͒. Different titanium peroxides are known to exist, 36,37 in which effectively peroxo groups O 2 2− are present. The reversible reduction of these O 2 2− groups by the addition of Li may be the mechanism that explains the reversible surface storage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Storage in Amorphous TiO[sub 2] Nanoparticles

Borghols

Lützenkirchen‐Hecht

Haake

et al. 2010

J. Electrochem. Soc.

158

185

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Amorphous titanium oxide nanoparticles were prepared from titanium isopropoxide. In situ measurements reveal an extraordinary high capacity of 810 mAh/g on the first discharge. Upon cycling at a charge/discharge rate of 33.5 mA/g, this capacity gradually decreases to 200 mAh/g after 50 cycles. The origin of this fading was investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. These measurements reveal that a large fraction of the total amount of the consumed Li atoms is due to the reaction of H 2 O/OH species adsorbed at the surface to Li 2 O, explaining the irreversible capacity loss. The reversible capacity of the bulk, leading to the Li 0.5 TiO 2 composition, does not explain the relatively large reversible capacity, implying that part of Li 2 O at the TiO 2 surface may be reversible. The high reversible capacity, also at large ͑dis͒charge rates up to 3.35 A/g ͑10C͒, makes this amorphous titanium oxide material suitable as a low cost electrode material in a high power battery. © 2010 The Electrochemical Society. ͓DOI: 10.1149/1.3332806͔ All rights reserved. Electrochemical storage devices based upon lithium-ion technology have replaced earlier battery types in numerous applications, e.g., portable devices, mainly due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and their relatively low impact on the environment. If materials that support higher current densities during discharging and satisfy the safety issues concerned, Li-ion batteries would become available for heavy duty applications such as ͑hybrid͒ electrical cars.A high power density requires both good ionic and electronic transport properties of the electrode materials. In many cases, the solid-state diffusion of Li ions through the electrode materials is several orders of magnitude smaller than in the electrolyte. Therefore, if the power density is to be improved, the electrode performance is to be investigated. In commercially available Li-ion batteries, the electrode material is dispersed in the electrolyte as microsized crystallites, which are capable of hosting the lithium ions inside their crystalline voids. By simply decreasing the size of these crystallites, the electrode-electrolyte interface is increased, whereas the diffusion length inside the electrode crystallite decreases. However, recent studies reveal a more complex behavior of nanosized Li insertion compounds in, e.g., TiO 2 anatase, 1-3 TiO 2 rutile, 4,5 or Li x FePO 4 , 6 showing distinct changes in electronic structure and ionic mobility upon downsizing to the nanodomain. 7 Usually, these differences in electronic structure and ionic mobility between bulk and nanosized crystallites are ascribed to the relatively increased impact of surface phenomena. [8][9][10] Between the crystalline structures anatase and rutile TiO 2 , similarities were observed in the physical behavior of the nanoscale compounds. Both reveal an increased Liion capacity compared to their microscale counterparts, which appears to be facilitated by an anomalous phase behavi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Storage in Amorphous TiO[sub 2] Nanoparticles

Borghols

Lützenkirchen‐Hecht

Haake

et al. 2010

J. Electrochem. Soc.

158

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…13 The reduction of hydroperoxides can be followed in Figure 5, where the extinction decreases, at wavenumbers about 3550/cm. Specific titanium peroxide bands, described at 1143/cm, 14 are recognizable at the back side, at about 1150/cm. At the front side, titanium peroxide would decompose instantly, because of the UV irradiation.…”

Section: Materials IImentioning

confidence: 98%

Combined Impact of Ultraviolet and Chemical Fluids on High‐density Polyethylene Packaging Material

2011

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To investigate the ageing behaviour of filled plastic containers outdoors, square cuts of the wall of two high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) types were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation at their front side and to specific liquid chemicals (de‐ionized water, surfactant or White Spirit) at their back. The UV radiant exposure at the front side was 80 MJ/m². To compare the actions of the different exposures, separate dark backside fluid exposures were performed, in parallel. Besides, UV weathering was carried out until a UV radiant exposure of 325 MJ/m², being roughly comparable to outdoor exposure of one year in Northern Australia. An unpigmented HDPE included in the investigation gave no sufficient protection for the White Spirit. In addition, it showed clear degradation after several of these exposures. In combination with the White Spirit, an increase of carbonyl bonds was measured, presumably assignable to degradation products of the White Spirit. For a pigmented HDPE material, with the implemented combined exposures, no relevant damage was observed, within applied the exposure period. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Studies on the Hydroxide and Peroxide of Niobium

Sathyanarayana

Patel

1967

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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Hydrated niobium peroxide, Nb2O7 · 4 H2O having niobium: peroxy oxygen as 1:1, is prepared. The peroxy oxygen is lost at room temperature slowly and continuously. The differential thermal analysis gives an exothermic peak at 190°C due to the disruption of the peroxy group. The infrared spectrum of the peroxide indicates polymeric nature of niobium peroxide and coordinated peroxide, water and hydroxyl groups. A triangular ring structure is suggested for the peroxy niobium group. Niobium hydroxide has also been studied under similar conditions to serve as a reference.

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Preparation and Properties of Hydrated Titanium Peroxide

Abstract: A method of preparation of titanium peroxide free from adsorbed impurities is described. The peroxide has an unstable true peroxy group and two hydroxy groups for every titanium atom. The instability and structure of the compound are discussed.

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Lithium Storage in Amorphous TiO[sub 2] Nanoparticles

Lithium Storage in Amorphous TiO[sub 2] Nanoparticles

Combined Impact of Ultraviolet and Chemical Fluids on High‐density Polyethylene Packaging Material

Studies on the Hydroxide and Peroxide of Niobium

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