Preparation and properties of EPDM–clay hybrids

Usuki, Arimistu; Tukigase, A; Katô, Makoto

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00013-7

Cited by 318 publications

(221 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, some organo-modified silicate reinforced elastomer nanocomposites, obtained from a melt intercalation method, have been reported by the high shear force generated in a plasticorder or a twin-screw extruder [15 -22]. For instance, ethylene propylene diene methylene linkage rubber-clay hybrid has been prepared successfully by melt mixing of EPDM and organophilic clay in a plasticorder followed by vulcanization process [16]. On the other hand, a shear blending process on elastomer latex produces a poor intercalation and dispersion morphology of silicate layers [23 -26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/silicate nanocomposites

Hwang

Wei

2004

Polymer

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/silicate nanocomposites

Hwang

Wei

2004

Polymer

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“…Before the testing commenced, an environmental scan was carried out. All samples have been examined with 32 consecutive scans with a 4cm-1 resolution [19].…”

Section: Attenuated Total Reflectance -Fourier Transform Infrared Spementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of nanoclay on the durability properties of asphalt mixtures for top and base layers

Blom

Kinder

Meeusen

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. To avoid traffic congestion, due to road works, a continuous research into asphalt pavement and especially its durability is of great importance. This research focuses on improving the mechanical performance and the durability of asphalt mixtures by nanoclay modified bitumen. This promising technique of introducing nanoclays or nano particles into bitumen could offer an significant improvement on the fatigue properties and rutting performance and thus the durability of the asphalt top layer. IntroductionFor the heavely used "congested" Belgian road network, a continuous research into asphalt pavement and especially its durability is of great importance to avoid traffic congestion, due to road works.This research focuses on improving the mechanical performance and the durability of asphalt mixtures by nanoclay modified bitumen. A specific asphalt mixture type for base layers in Flanders, AC 14 base 35/50 (EN 13108-1), using a relatively hard bitumen was modified. Both physical and rheological properties of the modified binder were evaluated. This included the determination of the penetration and softening point and the characterization of dynamic rheological parameters, by using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR).The prefix 'nano' indicates the occurrence of a material that measures less than 100 nm, in at least one dimension. From literature, general trends on organic montmorillonite nanoclay (OMMT) modified bitumen can be derived. It is indicated that the penetration decreases and the softening point increases by adding nanoclays [1,2,3,4,5,6]. An explanation can be found by the reinforcement effect of the silicate layers on the bitumen [7]. Based on tests with a DSR, the bitumen seems to become more elastic and stiffer [2,8,9,10,11]. This effect is more pronounced at high temperatures and/or low frequencies. The viscosity increases also after the OMMT modification [2,6,8,9,12]. The indirect tensile strength does not change at 5°C and 25°C but does improve at 40°C [1,2,5,12]. In addition, nanoclay can form a barrier in bitumen through which penetration of oxygen and water is prevented [2]. The effects of the modification by nanoclay are more pronounced by increasing the amount or when using soft bitumen. Nevertheless, there is still a need for sufficient research on the use of nano-modified bitumen in asphalt. Especially as there are almost no research publications regarding the application of nanoclay in harder bitumen, a type which is preferably used in Belgian mixtures to provide rutting, though cracking must be avoided. This exploratory study will evaluate physical and rheological properties of a harder bitumen modified with nanoclay. Additionally, the

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“…To address this issue, an EPDM-clay nanocomposite was prepared using an EPDM vulcanized with modifying accelerators. 12 Five types of vulcanization accelerators for this in situ modification were investigated: thiourea (ethylenethiourea, NPV/C), thiazole (2-mercaptobenzothiazole, M), sulfonamide (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, CZ), thiuram (tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, TS) and dithiocarbamate (zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, PZ). EPDM and a clay treated with octadecyl ammonium (C 18 H 37 NH 3 + ) (C18-MMT) were mixed at 200 1C in a twin screw extruder.…”

Section: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (Epdm)-clay Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

Katô

Usuki

Hasegawa

et al. 2011

Polym J

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A nylon 6-clay hybrid (nanocomposite, NCH) was developed by Toyota CRDL group. In the NCH, the silicate layers of clay mineral are dispersed on a nanometer level and are strongly interacted with the matrix, and then significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the material or the discovery of unexpected new properties were realized. Polypropylene (PP) is the most widely used polymer, and then an appearance of a PP-clay nanocomposite has been desired for a long time. As a PP does not include any polar groups in its backbone, it was thought that the homogeneous dispersion of the silicate layers would not be realized. But we have developed successfully PP-clay nanocomposite using organoclay and modified PP. That is, organophilic clay, PP oligomer carrying polar groups and PP were melt-blended. This is a direct polymer intercalation process for preparing polymer nanocomposites by melt compounding, a useful process from an industrial standpoint. We have also developed successfully other polyolefin polymers (polyethylene), polyolefin rubbers (ethylene-propylene elastomer, ethylene-propylene diene monomer) and nanocomposites by this direct polymer intercalation process or by techniques based on direct polymer intercalation process. These prepared polyolefin nanocomposites exhibit superior mechanical, thermal and gas barrier properties. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 583-593; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.44; published online 1 June 2011Keywords: clay mineral; nanocomposite; polyolefin; polyolefin rubber INTRODUCTION A nylon 6-clay hybrid (nanocomposite, NCH) has been developed, in which the silicate layers of clay mineral are dispersed on a nanometer level and strongly interact with the matrix. 1-3 Significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the material and the discovery of new properties also have been realized. Polyolefins (such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)) are the most widely used polymers, and there has been interest in the development of a polyolefin-clay nanocomposite. As polyolefins do not include any polar groups in the backbone, a homogeneous dispersion of silicate layers did not seem to be possible. However, the successful development of a PP-clay nanocomposite using organoclay and modified PP has been achieved. Nanocomposites of clay with various polyolefin polymers and rubbers have been developed. This report provides an overview of preparation methods and properties of polyolefin polymer/rubbers-clay nanocomposites.Montmorillonite (MMT) was used as the clay mineral in this investigation of polyolefin-clay nanocomposites. MMT composed of micro-sized particles formed from stacks of three-layer 'sandwiches' is most widely used. In these sandwiches, a tetrahedral sheet of silicon oxide is on both sides of a central octahedral sheet of aluminum oxide (a 2:1.clay). The plate-shaped layers are 0.96-nm thick and have an average diameter of about 100-500 nm, which represents filler with a significantly large aspect ratio. For comparison, a glass fiber of 13 mm in diameter with a length o...

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Preparation and properties of EPDM–clay hybrids

Cited by 318 publications

References 20 publications

Preparation and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/silicate nanocomposites

Preparation and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/silicate nanocomposites

The influence of nanoclay on the durability properties of asphalt mixtures for top and base layers

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

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