Preparation and Optimization of Capsaicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems Using Box-Behnken Design

Abstract

Capsaicin (CAP) is a pungent alkaloid of chili peppers that is obtained from chili peppers that has a variety of pharmacological activities and can be used in various areas, such as functional foods, nutritional supplements and medical nutrition. Capsaicin has important anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that allow to be applied as treatment for several diseases. However, its lack of water solubility, as well as its poor oral bioavailability in biological systems, show limiting factors for its successful application. Recently, the formulation of capsaicin for food and pharmaceutical use is limited. Therefore, the present study emphasized on preparation of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CAP-CSNPs) and design and optimization of the formulation using Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by o/w emulsification and ionotropic gelification. The optimized formulation of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles had a chitosan concentration of 0.11 (%w/v), a Tween 80® concentration of 1.55 (%w/v) and a CAP concentration of 1 mg/mL and that it should be stored at 4°C. Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology was found to be a powerful technique for design and optimization of the preparation of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles using limited number of experimental runs. Our study demonstrated that capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles can be potentially utilized as dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Evaluation of in vitro release kinetics of Capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles using DDSolver

“…The encapsulation ef iciency was 75 ± 3 %. All of these results were almost similar with those reported previously (Kulpreechanan and Sorasitthiyanukarn, 2020), which indicated the repeatability and reproducibility of Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) in design and optimized the preparation method for CAP-CSNPs formulation.…”

“…CAP-CSNPs were prepared by o/w emulsi ication and ionotropic gelation techniques as described in our previous report. (Kulpreechanan and Sorasitthiyanukarn, 2020). First, 1 mL of ethanolic CAP solution (1 mg/mL) was added dropwise to 18 mL chitosan solution (0.11% w/v) containing non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (1.55 %w/v) using an automatic syringe pump (NE 100, New Era, Pump System company, USA) with 1,000 rpm stirring using a magnetic stirrer (IKA ® C-Mag HS7, Staufen, Germany) at ambient temperature for 30 min.…”

“…The encapsulation ef iciency of CAP in CSNPs was quanti ied using an indirect method as described in our previous report (Kulpreechanan and Sorasitthiyanukarn, 2020). After ultracentrifugation of nanosuspension at 45,000 rpm, 4 • C for 30 min, the amount of CAP remaining in the supernatant (unloaded of free CAP) was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA) at 280 nm as described in our previous report (Kulpreechanan and Sorasitthiyanukarn, 2020). The % EE was then calculated through Equation ( 1).…”

Preparation of electrospun hybrid polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing TiO2/Fe3O4 and their capsaicinoids adsorption applications

“…For example, Kulpreechanan et al . [ 37 ] applied Box‐Behnken design for optimization of capsaicin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles as delivery systems. Another similar study has recently been performed to optimize the Pb 2+ absorption on a nano‐Fe 3 O 4 ‐based adsorbent [ 38 ] using Box‐Behnken design and RSM.…”

“…However, optimization of the conditions has been widely reported for adsorption of various types of metal ions and other pollutants on the membranes. For example, Kulpreechanan et al [37] applied Box-Behnken design for optimization of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as delivery systems. Another similar study has recently been performed to optimize the Pb 2+ absorption on a nano-Fe3O4-based adsorbent [38] using Box-Behnken design and RSM.…”