Preparation and mechanism of formation of titanium dioxide hydrosols of narrow size distribution

Matijević, Egon; Budnik, Michael; Meites, Louis

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(77)90393-9

Cited by 208 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The weakly basic condition of the aqueous solution of weak acid salt should be another reason because the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide takes place more rapidly in alkaline solution. In the case of SO 4 2− , which is known to coordinate to Ti atoms [36,37], polycondensation is accelerated and resulted in heterogeneous opaque titania gels which are partially sulfated. Meanwhile, F − is well-known to strongly interact with TiO 2 and ≡Ti-OH is replaced by ≡Ti-F at lower pH range (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation of transparent monolithic titania gels utilizing a chelating ligand and mineral salts

Hasegawa

Kanamori

Nakanishi

et al. 2009

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Highly homogeneous transparent titania gels have been successfully prepared from titanium alkoxide by a sol-gel method utilizing chelating agent, ethyl acetylacetate (EtAcAc), in the presence of strong acid anions. Only catalytic amount of a strong acid anion suppress the rapid hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide by blocking the nucleophilic attack of HO − and H 2 O, and the resultant moderate sol-gel reactions thus afford homogeneous gelation, leading to transparent monolithic titania gels. Gelation time can be widely controlled by changing amounts of water, chelating agent and salt. The ability of salts to suppress the too abrupt sol-gel reactions is strongly dependent on the electronegativity of anions and valence of cations. With employing NH 4 NO 3 as a suppressing electrolyte, the obtained titania gels can be converted to pure TiO 2 by simple washing and heat-treatment, and transformations to anatase and rutile structures were found to start at 400 and 600 °C, respectively. 2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation of transparent monolithic titania gels utilizing a chelating ligand and mineral salts

Hasegawa

Kanamori

Nakanishi

et al. 2009

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…[21,29] Briefly, TiCl3 was added drop wise into a boiling 0.7 mol dm -3 HCl solution, to obtain the TiCl3 solution of 21.5 g dm -3 . During 90 min boiling under reflux, a part of the TiO2 particles, generated in the reaction mixture, aggregated in a loose precipitate.…”

Section: Tio2 Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

Košević¹,

Šekularac²,

Živković³

et al. 2017

Croat. Chem. Acta

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TiO2 powder was synthesized by a forced hydrolysis process and used for the synthesis of Pt/TiO2 composite that is to be foreseen as an advanced electrode material. Pt was incorporated into the synthesized TiO2 from a Pt colloidal dispersion as a precursor prepared by a microwave-assisted polyol process. Physicochemical properties of TiO2 and TiO2-supported Pt were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction techniques. The properties of Pt/TiO2 composite are correlated to the basic voltammetric response of its thin-layer form. It was found that subsequent thermal treatment of synthesized TiO2, which caused crystallization into mainly rutile phase, is required for appropriate Pt incorporation. Although being appropriately loaded by Pt, and the voltammetric response is typical for Pt-based material, the voltammetry of Pt/TiO2 corresponded to much lower loadings. The possibility for Pt particles to be trapped inside TiO2 agglomerates is indicated. The catalyst usage from the synthesized Pt/TiO2 was found quite moderate due to this trapping.

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“…3,5,8,9 In the meantime, a number of methods have been explored and developed for the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles, such as hydrolysis of Ti(IV) ions, 10 hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides 11 or titanium tetrachloride 12 in gas phase, sol-gel, 13 hydrothermal hydrolysis, 14 and precipitation, 15 of which many studies were devoted to the synthesis of rutile phase, while fewer investigations on the anatase phase. This naively supports that synthesis of pure anatase phase is more challenging than that of rutile.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Hong¹,

Lee²,

Jung³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The physical and chemical properties of TiO 2 have been of great interest due to the potential application in photocatalytic, photovoltaic, lithium-ion battery and dye-sensitized solar cell systems.1-3 Especially, its characteristic properties in optical and electronic properties, nontoxicity, chemical inertness, and high melting temperatures have drawn extensive research on the ability of semiconductor photocatalyst to promote the photodegradation of various pollutants. 4,5Anatase, brookite, and rutile are the major crystalline structures of TiO 2 , of which rutile phase is most stable; whereas anatase and brookite phases are metastable and easily transformed to rutile phase when heated above about 600-8006,7 As demonstrated in other experimental studies, the anatase form of TiO 2 has shown much higher photoactivity than that of rutile. 3,5,8,9 In the meantime, a number of methods have been explored and developed for the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles, such as hydrolysis of Ti(IV) ions, 10 hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides 11 or titanium tetrachloride 12 in gas phase, sol-gel, 13hydrothermal hydrolysis, 14 and precipitation, 15 of which many studies were devoted to the synthesis of rutile phase, while fewer investigations on the anatase phase. This naively supports that synthesis of pure anatase phase is more challenging than that of rutile. Furthermore, the major products from the above techniques are typically amorphous and require post-calcination for better crystallinity and morphology of the product, which inevitably results in the formation of larger sizes of TiO 2 nanoparticles. Therefore, it is demanding to explore a method that overcomes the problems mentioned above.In order to fabricate small-sized TiO 2 nanoparticles with good crystallinity at room temperature, we have applied a pulsed laser to ablate a Ti plate immersed in deionized water and methanol. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) 16 was introduced by Patil and co-workers in 1987 and has been demonstrated to be an effective, simple, and versatile method for synthesizing nanomaterials starting from an appropriate choice of solids and liquids.17-20 Because of relatively simple and clean preparation of nanoparticles using PLAL, coupled with its versatility, many different metal nanostructures providing desired functions have been fabricated. One of the main advantages of PLAL compared to other methods is that it can generate nanomaterials without the need of any catalysts or organic additives. Hence, in recent years, PLAL has become a successful nanomaterial fabrication tool for the formation of the novel nanostructures.19,21-25 However, compared to large investigations on fabrication of TiO 2 by laser ablation in vacuum, 7,26-31 there were few studies on the preparation of TiO 2 nanoparticles by PLAL.32-34 Furthermore in the previous PLAL studies, the synthesis of rutile and mixture of anatase and rutile phase was mostly employed. 34,35In the present note, we report a one-step synthesis of pure anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles by PLA of Ti pla...

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Preparation and mechanism of formation of titanium dioxide hydrosols of narrow size distribution

Cited by 208 publications

References 27 publications

Facile preparation of transparent monolithic titania gels utilizing a chelating ligand and mineral salts

Facile preparation of transparent monolithic titania gels utilizing a chelating ligand and mineral salts

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

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Preparation and mechanism of formation of titanium dioxide hydrosols of narrow size distribution

Cited by 208 publications

References 27 publications

Facile preparation of transparent monolithic titania gels utilizing a chelating ligand and mineral salts

Facile preparation of transparent monolithic titania gels utilizing a chelating ligand and mineral salts

TiO2 From Colloidal Dispersion as Support in Pt/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Applications

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO2Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

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Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid