Preparation and in vitro drug delivery response of doxorubicin loaded PAA coated magnetite nanoparticles

Abstract

In this study, spherical superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with mean diameter of 6 nm were prepared by a reduction-precipitation method. The surface of SPION were coated with poly(acrylic acid) 5000 (PAA-5000) and followed by loading with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The drug loading efficiency was (14.64±0.29). In vitro drug release studies were realized for 8 h at two different pH values 4.2 and 7.4. The drug release rate at pH 4.2 (100 % DOX released in 2 h) was much faster than that at pH 7.4 (≈78 % DOX released in 8 h). These results indicate that these DOX-carrier nanoparticles have a high drug loading capacity and favourable release property for magnetic drug targeting. The drug release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model at pH 4.2, while at pH 7.4 the zero order model was fitted the best. The drug release mechanism followed super-case II transport in acidic and basic medium. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis.

Wet milling versus co-precipitation in magnetite ferrofluid preparation

“…4 A hydrophilic surface coating is used when aqueous dispersions are required for biomedical applications. 4,9,10 Although small particles can be easily achieved by chemical precipitation, it has been shown that, in practice, the mechano-chemical method of wet milling is also a simple, efficient and environment-protective method for obtaining finely granulated magnetic ferrite particles. [11][12][13][14] In spite of the possible drawback of long grinding times, the mechano-chemical technique offers certain advantages which may place it as a useful method for obtaining nanometric particles in colloid suspensions, in particular, ferrofluids.…”

Paradoxical Roles of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapeutics and Carcinogenesis

“…The addition of biomolecules or targeting ligands can increase therapeutic efficacy or increase accumulation in target tissues. 150,186,[192][193][194][195][196] To those ends, NPs can be functionalized with DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, peptides, antibodies, fluorescent dyes, polymers, or drugs. 145,150,186,[192][193][194][195][196] However, NP functionalization changes particle size, surface charge, hydrophobicity, and biodistribution, so toxicity assessments will require the final, fully characterized NPs.…”

“…145,153,154,158,181,203,211 Targeting or therapeutic molecules can then be conjugated to the polymer coating. 150,186,[192][193][194][195][196] Surface ligands are added to NPs through both covalent and non-covalent attachment mechanisms. 145 Although the type of attachment can influence the biological effects, the preferred mechanism is highly dependent on the ligand being attached and the system in which it will be used.…”

“…33,154,158,181,211 Targeting or therapeutic molecules are then conjugated to the polymer coating. 150,186,[192][193][194][195][196] Hydrophobic drugs can be loaded into the hydrophobic surfactant layer surrounding the SPION core. 160,185,214,215,[230][231][232][233] Intravenously administered SPIONs, without specific targeting ligands, primarily accumulate in the liver and spleen but can also be found in the heart, lungs, kidney, brain, stomach, small intestine, and bone marrow.…”

“…SPIONs also accumulate passively in tumors due to leaky vasculature and poor lymph clearance, and the addition of targeting ligands can further enhance accumulation in target tissues. 150,186,[192][193][194][195][196] Once SPIONs are taken up by cells, they are metabolized to elemental iron. 150,152 SPIONs are degraded within lysosomes to elemental iron, which is released to the cytoplasm and handled by normal iron regulatory mechanisms.…”