Preparation and evaluation of spirulina polysaccharide nanoemulsions

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to prepare spirulina polysaccharide (PSP) into an oral nanoemulsion (NE) with the aim of improving its oral bioavailability and prolonging its sustained release effect. The PSP-NE was prepared through a phase transformation method, and its formulation components were screened through the use of a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The optimal formulation of PSP-NE was determined to be: 11.9% Span 80, 6.0% Tween-80, 9.0% ethanol, 62.8% soybean oil, and 10.3% PSP aqueous solution. The prepared PSP-NE was clear and transparent, had a uniform color and spherical morphology, exhibited stability and no adhesion. The average particle size was 79.93±19 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.185±0.04 (n=3), and the entrapment rate was 62%. Small-animal imaging results showed that the prepared PSP-NE exhibited a sustained release and tissue effect in contrast to the PSP aqueous solution. The present study showed that the prepared PSP-NE not only exhibited a sustained release and tissue effect in contrast to the PSP aqueous solution, but also had superior performance in terms of antitumor and antioxidant effects.

Crude protein from spirulina increases the viability of CCD‑986sk cells via the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway

“…In brief, the SPCP were mixed with 5 × sample loading buffer [50 mM Tris-HCl, 2% SDS, 10% Glycerol, 0.02% Bromophenol blue (BPB), 5% 2-mercaptoethanol], and SPCP containing 75 µ g of protein were separated by 15% SDS-PAGE. The gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue for 1 h at room temperature and washed with destaining solution until the bands appeared (3). SPCP of 20 kDa and ~16 kDa were performed a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS/MS) analysis by Peptron, Inc. (Daejeon, Korea).…”

“…The blue-green microalga, spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis ), has recently been used as a food source due to its high protein content and nutritional value (1,2). Spirulina has been extensively studied owing to its nutrient composition, which has been demonstrated to effectively treat a number of medical conditions (such as anti-cancer, inhibiting senescence and enhancing the non-specific cellular immune function) (3). Spirulina has also been reported to have an inhibitory effect on ultraviolet B-induced skin inflammation (4,5).…”

Nanoemulsions: Using emulsifiers from natural sources replacing synthetic ones—A review

“…Generally, polysaccharides act as emulsion stabilizers by creating a continued network in the aqueous phase that develops highly viscous, improving its stability (McClements, 2015). Some polysaccharides are surfaceactive because they contain hydrophobic groups attached to their hydrophilic backbones (Wang et al, 2018). The gum arabic (GA) is an example of the polysaccharide widely used for possessing these properties (Table 1).…”

Nanoemulsion for Improving the Oral Bioavailability of Hesperetin: Formulation Optimization and Absorption Mechanism

“…12 Third, the sustained release effect of nanoemulsions could increase the residence time of the drug in the systemic circulation. 33 Fourth, the changes in cell membrane structure and fluidity were caused by surfactants, which make the nanoemulsion particles had better compatibility with the cell mucosa and easily penetrated the cell membrane. 34 Fifth, the encapsulation effect of nanoemulsion mitigated the damage of hesperetin by intestinal bacterial enzymes and enhanced its stability.…”