Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone/zein composite hemostatic sponges

An agar–polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel loaded with tannic acid with efficient hemostatic and antibacterial capacity for wound dressing

“…Hemocompatibility property of prepared hydrogels was examined as the good hemocompatibility is essential for biomaterials used as wound dressings. 50 Fig. 6A and B showed the hemolysis ratio of various hydrogel specimens.…”

A Janus Gelatin Sponge with a Procoagulant Nanoparticle-Embedded Surface for Coagulopathic Hemostasis

“…On the one hand, the blood loss of J-ZGS and C-GS groups in heparinized rats was obviously higher than that in the healthy model (Figure b–d), confirming the adverse effect of the rat’s coagulopathic condition on hemostasis. On the other hand, the above results demonstrated the higher hemostatic performance of J-ZGS than the commercial gelatin sponge in a coagulopathic hemorrhage scenario, which indicates that such a Janus sponge also realizes effective coagulopathic hemostasis, which is due to the optimal/favorable zein nanoparticles and would be a great advantage than previously reported zein-based sponge . Considering the high consistency of heparinized conditions with coagulation factor deficiency/warfarin treatment, the J-ZGS sponge is also promising for effective hemostasis under such coagulation factor-related coagulopathic conditions.…”

“…On the other hand, the above results demonstrated the higher hemostatic performance of J-ZGS than the commercial gelatin sponge in a coagulopathic hemorrhage scenario, which indicates that such a Janus sponge also realizes effective coagulopathic hemostasis, which is due to the optimal/ favorable zein nanoparticles and would be a great advantage than previously reported zein-based sponge. 36 Considering the high consistency of heparinized conditions with coagulation factor deficiency/warfarin treatment, the J-ZGS sponge is also promising for effective hemostasis under such coagulation factor-related coagulopathic conditions. In addition, in vitro and in vivo results confirm the similar degradability of J-ZGS with C-GS (Figure S10, Supporting Information), indicating that J-ZGS could be potential implantable/absorbable devices to treat intractable bleeding and for subsequent wound care.…”

Advances in haemostatic sponges: Characteristics and the underlying mechanisms for rapid haemostasis

“… Rat femoral artery transection model CS/PVP/Zein sponges exhibited reduced blood loss (1:1:1 = 3 g, 1:1:2 = 2.5 g, and 1:2:1 = 3.9 g) than gauze (control group = 4.5 g). Swelling degree: CS/PVP/Zein sponges (1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2) reached 2100–3300% [ 50 ] Micro channelled alkylated chitosan sponges (MACS) CS: Chitosan PLA: Polylactic acid DA: Dodecyl aldehyde The CS solution (1, 2, and 4% w/v) was dissolved in 2% acetic acid, then frozen and lyophilized. By dichloromethane leaching, microchannel CS sponges were created.…”

“…Zhang et al conducted another experiment in which they developed chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone/zein (CS/PVP/Zein) sponges. When compared to the control group, an in-vivo investigation using a rat femoral artery model showed that the CS/PVP/Zein (reduced blood loss 2.4g) sponges successfully accomplished haemostasis [ 85 ]. In another study, haemostatic micro channelled alkylated chitosan sponges (MACS) were prepared by Du et al Lethal normal/heparinized rat liver perforation wound models, normal pig liver perforation wound models, and pig femoral artery bleeding models were used to assess the haemostatic ability of MACS-2, demonstrating its promising clinical translational potential in the management of lethal noncompressible haemorrhage and promoting wound healing [ 51 ].…”