Preparation and Characterization of Water-Based Nano-Perfumes

Abstract

The application of nanoemulsions as a novel delivery system for lipophilic materials, such as essential oils, flavors, and fragrances is one of the growing technologies used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Their characteristic properties, like small droplet size with high interfacial area, transparent or semi-transparent appearance, low viscosity, and high kinetic stability, make them a perfect vehicle for fragrances, in the perfume industry. They could be a great alternative to water-based perfumes, without alcohol, and solve problems related to the oxidation and low bioavailability of fragrances with other non-alcoholic vehicles of perfumes like pomades or gels. The aim of our study was to develop stable Oil-in-Water (O/W) nanoemulsions that are compatible with selected fragrance compositions, without ethanol, polyols, and ionic surfactants, and to study their physicochemical, microbiological, and dermatological properties. The nano-perfume systems were obtained with a low-energy (Phase Inversion Composition; PIC) and with a high-energy (ultrasound, US) method, taking into account the possibility of moving from the laboratory scale to an industrial scale. The optimized nano-perfume formulations, prepared with different methods, yielded the same physicochemical properties (stability, medium droplet size of the inner phase, polydispersity, viscosity, surface tension, pH, density). Stable systems were obtained with a fragrance composition concentration within 6–15% range. These formulations had a low viscosity and a pH suitable for the skin. Moreover, the obtained results confirmed the protective role of nanoemulsions. The peroxide number measurement (POV) showed that the tested fragrance compositions had a high chemical stability. The results of the microbiological tests confirmed that the obtained products were free of microbiological contamination and were appropriately preserved. The dermatological test results confirmed the safety of the developed preparations.

Influence of Terpene Type on the Release from an O/W Nanoemulsion: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

“…Its spherical nanodroplets are built of the non-polar tails of the surfactant molecules, which are directed to the micelle hydrophobic core formed by the oil phase. The polar heads of the surfactants are facing towards aqueous external phase [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Different oil and surfactant types which form the nanoemulsion droplets can influence the drug solubilization as a consequence of the difference in density, viscosity, and polarity.…”

Efficacy of Clinical Toxicology Curriculum on the 4th Year Egyptian Students - Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University in Improvement their Concept about Human Safety from Toxicity

“…An American Addiction Centers are being available twenty four hours for any one need or explanation. Miastkowska et al (2018) advised water-based alcohol free perfumes for its safety, as the ethanol base perfumes obtainable on market may lead to skin irritation and inflammation besides poisoning.…”

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Enhancing Solubility, Permeability, and Bioavailability of Sesamin

“…Compared with Tween, Cremophor EL possesses a stronger emulsifying capacity because of its larger amount of ethylene oxide, and Cremophor EL is more compatible with the oil phase [23]. In addition, the hydrophilic groups (polyethylene glycols and ethoxylated glycerol) of Cremophor EL could be incorporated with the aqueous phase, and the viscosity diversity between the oil-water interface was minimized, which caused a reduction in the critical Weber number and an increment of the droplet break-up efficiency [24]. Another study concluded that the PP of Cremophor is closer to the intermediate value than Tween, because the intermediate PP is crucial for the emulsifier to form fine oil droplets and transparent nanoemulsions [20].…”