Preparation and Characterization of Urushiol Free Fermented Rhus verniciflua Stem Bark (FRVSB) Extracts

Abstract

The water extract of the fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark (FRVSB) was prepared by hot water extracting at 100 o C for 8 h. The urushiol content of the FRVSB water extract was determined by HPLC. The urushiol was not contained in FRVSB water extract, whereas Rhus verniciflua stem bark (RVSB) water extract contained 3.4 mg%. At the lab scale size, suitable water extraction condition for a total solid, polyphenol and flavonoid from FRVSB was at over 100 o C for 6-8 h. The total solid contents was reduced in pilot scale processing system, with 5.7% of the extraction yield. The proximate composition (%) of FRVSB water extract obtained from industrial installation was moisture 4.34, crude fat 1.69, crude protein 10.21, and crude ash 15.80. Gallic acid (1,090.5 mg%) was the most abundant compound in phenolic acids, while fisetin (135.7 mg%) was the predominant flavonoid. The free sugar content was mannitol of 3.48%, glycerol of 0.19%, and glucose of 0.19%. Alanine (244 ppm), serine (231 ppm), and leucine (218 ppm) were predominant amino acids.

Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract suppresses migration and invasion in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells

“…RVS is also a traditional medicinal used in the Orient for centuries to In the past, despite these functional activities, the use of RVS has been very limited because it contains an allergen, named urushiol. So far, various methods of detoxification of RVS have been developed to remove urushiol, such as methods of utilizing organic solvents and oxidizers, enzymatic methods, and mushroom bacteria fermentation methods [36][37][38]. By the way, the main component and bioactivity of the RVS are very different according to the detoxification processing method [17].…”

Effect of the Extracts from Fermented-Rhus verniciflua Stem Bark with Fomitella fraxinea on the Growth and Enzyme Activity of Soybean Product-fermenting Microorganisms

“…옻의 allergy 유발성분인 urushiol의 제거방법은 유기용매 (Choi et al, 2007b), 전자선 또는 방사선 처리 (Kim, 2010), 그리고 장수버섯 배양 (Choi et al, 2007a) 등이 제 시되었으며, 옻나무의 열수추출물에 대해서는 단회 경구 투여 독성 (Choi et al, 2010b), 접촉 알러지성 자극 (Choi and Han, 2005a), 유전독성 (Choi and Han, 2005b), 4주 반복투여 독성 (Choi and Han, 2005c)등이 관찰되지 않 았다. 그러나 화학적인 방법과 방사선 처리는 식품사용에 매우 제한적이며, 열수추출만을 통한 urushiol의 완벽한 제거 또한 쉽지 않다 (Choi et al, 2012 (Figs. 1, 2).…”

Fermented Rhus Verniciflua Stokes Extract Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver through the AMPK/SREBP1/PCSK9 Pathway in HFD-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Animal Model

“…Despite these beneficial effects, RV utilization is limited due to the presence of allergen urushiol in it. Hence, various methods for removing urushiol have been described [22][23][24]. However, several detoxification methods to remove urushiol lead to the loss of bioactive compounds in RV [25].…”