Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethanes using partially acetylated kraft lignin

Jeong, Hee-Jin; Park, Jong-Shin; Kim, Sung Hoon; Lee, Jungmin; Ahn, Narang; Roh, Hyun-gyoo

doi:10.1007/s12221-013-1082-7

Cited by 52 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…39 However, it is also observed that upon an oxidative pre-treatment followed by heating around 200 -300 °C for 30 to 60 min prior to the TGA analysis, the thermal stability of lignin improves substantially and the TGA traces then show less than 10% weight loss below 300 °C. 41,[43][44] Argyropoulos et al have reported this behaviour and described that at elevated temperatures, SKL undergoes radical initiated self-polymerization leading to a dramatic increase in its molecular weight. The incorporation of oxygen balances out the elimination of the volatile materials.…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The maximum mass loss is observed around 400 °C. It behaves as a thermoplastic due to its chemical structure and intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds 41 but occasionally lignin's poor flow properties prevent its use as a thermoplastic. Fenner and Lephardt reported that the weight loss of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) between 150 to 300 °C is attributed to the elimination of formic acid, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and water resulting from the degradation of the phenylpropane side chains at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fenner and Lephardt reported that the weight loss of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) between 150 to 300 °C is attributed to the elimination of formic acid, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and water resulting from the degradation of the phenylpropane side chains at elevated temperatures. 41 On the other hand, it has been found that at elevated temperatures, lignin forms crosslinked structures and behaves as a thermosetting material. This is attributed to the incorporation of oxygen in lignin in the form of carbonyl groups during heating in the presence of air.…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

2015

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The need for renewable alternatives to conventional petroleum based polymers has been the motivation for work on biobased composites, blends and materials whose foundations are carbon neutral feedstocks. Lignin, an abundant plant derived feedstock, and waste byproduct of the cellulosic ethanol and pulp and paper industry, qualifies as a renewable material. Despite the fact that it is often difficult to blend lignin with other polymers due to its complex structure and reactivity, published research over the past decade, has focused on issues such as lignin miscibility with other polymers, the thermal and mechanical strength behavior of its copolymers and its fractions as well as efforts of tuning its thermal properties via chemical modifications and other means. As such this effort now attempts to offer a comprehensive overview that largely discusses the importance of these processes with the aim toward effective, cost efficient and environmentally friendly means that may allow the utilization of this important and largely ignored biopolymer.

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Section: Thermal Properties Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Thermal Properties Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Properties Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

2015

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“…Most lignin‐containing copolymers (e.g., polyurethane and copolyesters) are thermosets due to the multifunctionality of the lignin precursors. Recently, thermoplastic elastomers composed of lignin hard segments and low T g soft segments were claimed by several groups …”

Section: Lignin‐based Thermoplastic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin‐Based Thermoplastic Materials

2016

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Lignin-based thermoplastic materials have attracted increasing interest as sustainable, cost-effective, and biodegradable alternatives for petroleum-based thermoplastics. As an amorphous thermoplastic material, lignin has a relatively high glass-transition temperature and also undergoes radical-induced self-condensation at high temperatures, which limits its thermal processability. Additionally, lignin-based materials are usually brittle and exhibit poor mechanical properties. To improve the thermoplasticity and mechanical properties of technical lignin, polymers or plasticizers are usually integrated with lignin by blending or chemical modification. This Review attempts to cover the reported approaches towards the development of lignin-based thermoplastic materials on the basis of published information. Approaches reviewed include plasticization, blending with miscible polymers, and chemical modifications by esterification, etherification, polymer grafting, and copolymerization. Those lignin-based thermoplastic materials are expected to show applications as engineering plastics, polymeric foams, thermoplastic elastomers, and carbon-fiber precursors.

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“…Acetylation is a technique that can improve the solubility of lignin in organic solvents (Olarte 2011), and it can be used as a pretreatment method when a soluble form of lignin is required in the manufacturing processes. For instance, acetylated lignins were used for producing lignin microspheres (Asrar and Ding 2010), thermoplastics/lignin composites (Jeong et al 2012), lignin-based thermoplastic polyurethanes (Jeong et al 2013), and lignin carbon fibers (Zhang and Ogale 2014). Understanding the solubility of lignin and acetylated lignin in organic solvents helps to utilize lignin for producing high value-added products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Lignin and Acetylated Lignin in Organic Solvents

2017

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The solubility of four lignin samples and their acetylated forms was determined in a series of organic solvents to investigate the relationship between solubility and the solubility parameter. The solubility parameter of lignin samples and acetylated lignin was calculated based on the number of atoms or groups on lignin units. (Lignin 4 [4]). The solubility of lignin in organic solvents was not predictable due to poor correlation between the solubility of lignin and its solubility parameter. However, the solubility of lignin in an organic solvent depended on the molecular weight and the aliphatic hydroxyl number of the lignin. L2, with a lower molecular weight than other lignin samples, had the highest solubility in organic solvents, and L3, with highest aliphatic hydroxyl number, had the lowest solubility in organic solvents. All acetylated lignins were soluble in most of the organic solvents. Furthermore, the molecular weights of the soluble parts of all four lignins in ethyl acetate were found to be lower than the original lignins.

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Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethanes using partially acetylated kraft lignin

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

Lignin‐Based Thermoplastic Materials

Solubility of Lignin and Acetylated Lignin in Organic Solvents

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