Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly(tetra phenyl ether ketone sulfone)s for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Phosphoric acid doped sulfonated poly(tetra phenyl isoquinoline ether sulfone) copolymers for high temperature proton exchange membrane potential application

“…The development of novel sulfonated aromatic polymers with pronounced hydrophilic/hydrophobic separation by changing of chemical modification using sufonic acid groups on side chain rather than main chain [25,26]. Recently Hirano et al reported the relationship between the structures of sulfonated diamines and the properties of the resulting polyimide membranes have been intensively studied by developing novel main chain and side chain types of sulfonated diamines [27].…”

Poly(ether ether sulfone)s and sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone)s derived from functionalized 1,1‐diphenylethylene derivatives

“…In addition, sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone)s with pendant sulfonate groups facilitate hydrophilic−hydrohobic phase separation during membrane production to afford asymmetric membranes with excellent membrane properties . In general, the direct synthesis of sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone)s with pendant sulfonic acid groups can be accomplished by (a) the direct step‐growth copolymerization reaction of appropriate sulfonated aromatic dihalide diaryl sulfone derivatives with specific bisphenol derivatives to afford random copolymers or (b) the post‐polymerization functionalization of the poly(ether ether sulfone) precursor by standard organic reactions . The functional monomer approach allows the controlled introduction of the amount and location of the pendant sulfonic acid groups along the polymer backbone .…”

“…In general, the direct synthesis of sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone)s with pendant sulfonic acid groups can be accomplished by (a) the direct step‐growth copolymerization reaction of appropriate sulfonated aromatic dihalide diaryl sulfone derivatives with specific bisphenol derivatives to afford random copolymers or (b) the post‐polymerization functionalization of the poly(ether ether sulfone) precursor by standard organic reactions . The functional monomer approach allows the controlled introduction of the amount and location of the pendant sulfonic acid groups along the polymer backbone . However, in addition to the uncontrolled degree of sulfonation and lack of regiospecificity, the direct post‐polymerization sulfonation in the presence of fuming sulfuric acid, trimethylsilylchlorosulfonate or chlorosulfonic acids leads to undesirable side reactions such as crosslinking and chain cleavage .…”

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone sulfone) block copolymers containing multi-phenyl for PEMFC

“…Unfortunately, high IEC raise a problem of high water uptake and dramatically loss of mechanical properties [11e16]. As strategies to overcome these hydrocarbon membranes problems, the structures of sulfonic acid groups on side chain and a multiblock copolymer system have been widely studied [17,18]. The membranes containing sulfonic acid groups on the pendant phenyl rings in polymer side chain were reported and showed a well phase-separated morphology.…”