Preparation and characterization of spray-deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films

Temperature‐dependent study of the Raman A mode of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films

“…The only difference in their XRD diffractogram is a slight difference in peak intensity ratio I (211)/ I (202), which is slightly larger for kesterite 3–5. Although there are different opinions about CZTS crystal structure, some of the recent literature suggests that “CZTS as kesterite” is an appropriate assumption 2–8. In this work, analyses are done assuming CZTS as kesterite.…”

“…The change of frequency and line width of phonon with respect to temperature can provide further valuable insights regarding anharmonicity of vibration. Temperature‐dependent Raman investigations have already been reported for various photovoltaic‐semiconducting materials including copper indium selenide (CIS) thin films, compounds with wurtzite‐type structure, gallium arsenide, and silicon 6–15. Temperature‐dependent Raman study is still a relatively unexplored area for CZTS.…”

Effect of copper salt and thiourea concentrations on the formation of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films by spray pyrolysis

“…Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a potential absorber material for thin film heterojunction solar cells owing to its direct optical band gap of 1.45 eV 3 close to optimum band gap used for photovoltaic solar energy conversion, high optical absorption coefficient (>10 4 cm −1 ) and p‐type electrical conductivity 4. Only limited work was carried out on the growth and characterization of CZTS bulk 5–12 and thin films 2–4, 13–38. CZTS thin films were first reported by Ito and Nakazawa 3.…”

“…CZTS films have been deposited by physical vapour deposition methods like atom beam sputtering 3, thermal evaporation 13, sulphurization of evaporated/sputtered precursors 14–23, sputtering and sequential evaporation 24, 25, co‐evaporation 26, multi‐stage evaporation 27 and pulsed laser deposition 28, 29. Also chemical deposition methods like photo‐chemical deposition 30, sol–gel 31, 32, electrochemical deposition 33, 34 and spray pyrolysis 4, 35–38 have been used. Friedlmeier et al 13 investigated the properties of thermally evaporated CZTS films and reported CZTS/CdS/ZnO heterojunction with an efficiency of 2.3%.…”

“…We have undertaken investigations on CZTS films deposited by spray pyrolysis. In our previous work, we reported the effect of substrate temperature and starting solution pH on the growth of spray deposited CZTS films 37, 38. CZTS films with good morphology and better crystallinity could be obtained for T s in the range 643–683 K using a starting solution with pH = 3.0.…”