Preparation and characterization of single-hole macroporous organogel particles of high toughness and superfast responsivity

Tuncaboylu, Deniz Ceylan; Okay, Oğuz

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.04.001

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In accord with Figure 1A, this is a consequence of the frozen zones inside the aerogel samples at -18°C, acting as templates during the reactions. 19 These results are in good agreements with the swelling characteristics of the typical macroporous PIB gels, prepared under similar experimental conditions. [17][18][19][20] The mechanical properties of the 2.5 wt % NR aerogels were probed by the compression tests, and the results were interpreted in terms of the compressive modulus and toughness at a given strain.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

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Solution Cross-Linked Natural Rubber (NR)/Clay Aerogel Composites

et al. 2011

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Aerogels are structural materials with ultralow bulk densities (often less than 0.1 g cm -3 ), which stand out as good candidates for a variety of applications. In the present study, natural rubber (NR)/ clay aerogel composites were produced by freeze-drying of the aqueous aerogel precursor suspensions, followed by solution cross-linking of the aerogel samples in benzene using sulfur monochloride (S 2 Cl 2 ) as a cross-linking agent. The influences of cross-linking conditions, i.e., cross-linker concentration and reaction temperature, as well as polymer loading on the aerogel structure and properties were investigated. 1% (v/v) of S 2 Cl 2 and reaction temperature of -18°C were found to be the optimum conditions for producing a strong and tough rubber composite; the 2.5 wt % NR aerogel, for example, after being cross-linked, exhibited a compressive modulus of 1.8 MPa, 26 times higher than that of the neat control. These favorable mechanical properties are attributed to the high local concentration of rubber and S 2 Cl 2 in the freeze-dried structures, giving rise to the high cross-linking efficiency. Increasing the rubber concentration led to a substantial increase in the mechanical strength, in accord with the changes in microstructure and degree of cross-linking. The swelling capacity of the NR aerogels decreased with either increasing the cross-linker concentration or decreasing the weight fraction of rubber. Cross-linking of the rubber aerogels brought about increased thermal stability, consistent with restricted thermal motion of NR chains.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The hydrolysis of S 2 Cl 2 molecules is also more probably at ambient temperature as well. 19 It can be inferred from this result that, by conducting the reaction at 1% (v/v) of S 2 Cl 2 and T prep = -18°C, the swelling capacities and mechanical integrity of the 2.5 wt % NR aerogels are optimally developed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Solution Cross-Linked Natural Rubber (NR)/Clay Aerogel Composites

et al. 2011

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“…[ 20 ] Okay and co-workers developed a novel kind of butyl rubberbased cryogels that were synthesized using poly(isobutylene) as starting materials, sulfur monochloride as crosslinker, and benzene or cyclohexanol as solvent and porogen. [21][22][23][24][25] Recently, several attempts have been carried out for synthesis and application of hydrophobic polymeric cryogels using ice crystals as porogen, but the modifi cation of hydrophobicity is restricted due to the limitation of the solubility of hydrophobic monomer employed in water. [26][27][28] Given the importance of hydrophobic cryogels in removal of hydrophobic molecules from environment and related biosystem, an easy fabrication process for preparation of hydrophobic cryogels is desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hydrophobic Polymeric Cryogels with Supermacroporous Structure

Chen

Sui

Ren

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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A versatile approach to synthesis of hydrophobic polymeric cryogels is proposed using acetic acid crystals instead of ice crystals as porogen through cryo‐polymerization. In the range of 60 to 90 vol% of acetic acid, polymerization at ambient temperature gives rise to particulate polymers in beaded or amorphous shape, while polymerization at 4 °C, lower than the melting point of acetic acid (16.6 °C), leads to the formation of cryogel‐like monoliths with supermacroporous structure, which is mainly ascribed to cryo‐concentration effect. According to the measurements by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry, the dried samples are supermacroporous with pore size mainly ranging from several micrometers to several hundred micrometers, which can be feasible for rapid mass transfer. The forming cryogels display a superfast responsiveness to organic solvents, possibly stemming from their supermacroporosity and distinctive hydrophobicity.

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“…Judging from the published information, biomedical and biotechnological applications are the primary uses for the cryogels prepared from polymeric precursors. In addition, some other promising implementation fields also exist for such cryogels, including the employment of rubber-based "cryosponges" developed in Turkey as a reusable sorbent for the removal of oil spill from water surfaces [211,212,214,223], crosslinked chitosan cryogels for the absorption of radionuclides from waste water [224,225], crosslinked and partially saponificated poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel composites containing activated carbon particles for the absorption of dyes [29,199,200], and so forth.…”

Section: à15mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Preparation of "single-hole" macroporous cryogel particles and study of their properties and microstructure [211,212] Poly(iso-butylene) + silica nanoparticles À5 to…”

Section: à18mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief History of Polymeric Cryogels

Lozinsky

2014

Advances in Polymer Science

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Preparation and characterization of single-hole macroporous organogel particles of high toughness and superfast responsivity

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Solution Cross-Linked Natural Rubber (NR)/Clay Aerogel Composites

Solution Cross-Linked Natural Rubber (NR)/Clay Aerogel Composites

Synthesis of Hydrophobic Polymeric Cryogels with Supermacroporous Structure

A Brief History of Polymeric Cryogels

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