A Brief History of Polymeric Cryogels

Lozinsky, V. I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05846-7_1

Cited by 97 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 345 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…As distinct from hydrogels, cryogels synthesized in cryogenic conditions can consist of interconnected macroporous matrices with the pore size from ∼ 0.1 to 10 μm and supermacroporous matrices with the pore size in the range from several tens to several hundreds of micrometers [23][24][25]. Due to high surface/volume ratio and easy convection of liquids inside cryogel matrices, both macroporous and supermacroporous cryogels are proved to be the most favorable materials to design flow-through catalytic reactors [7,26,27] (Figure 7).…”

Section: Flow-through Catalytic Reactors Based On Macroporous Cryogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Through Catalytic Reactors Based on Metal Nanoparticles Immobilized within Porous Polymeric Gels and Surfaces/Hollows of Polymeric Membranes

Kudaibergenov

Джардималиева

2020

Polymers

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State-of-the-art of flow-through catalytic reactors based on metal nanoparticles immobilized within the pores of nano-, micro- and macrosized polymeric gels and in the surface or hollow of polymeric membranes is discussed in this mini-review. The unique advantages of continuous flow-through nanocatalysis over the traditional batch-type analog are high activity, selectivity, productivity, recyclability, continuous operation, and purity of reaction products etc. The methods of fabrication of polymeric carriers and immobilization technique for metal nanoparticles on the surface of porous or hollow structures are considered. Several catalytic model reactions comprising of hydrolysis, decomposition, hydrogenation, oxidation, Suzuki coupling and enzymatic reactions in the flow system are exemplified. Realization of “on-off” switching mechanism for regulation of the rate of catalytic process through controlling the mass transfers of reactants in liquid media with the help of stimuli-responsive polymers is demonstrated. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of different flow-through catalytic reactors for various reactions is also surveyed.

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Section: Flow-through Catalytic Reactors Based On Macroporous Cryogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Through Catalytic Reactors Based on Metal Nanoparticles Immobilized within Porous Polymeric Gels and Surfaces/Hollows of Polymeric Membranes

Kudaibergenov

Джардималиева

2020

Polymers

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“…Effective cryogenic treatment is not possible if hydrogelation occurs before ice freezing is completed. However, some systems can overcome the prevention of hydrogelation prior to ice freezing via the increase in the cooling rate 21 . Based on these studies, the cryogenic protocol in a binary system was first examined at different cooling rates, for example, 10 /min and 30 /min.…”

Section: Effect Of the Cooling Rate On The Physicochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Freeze–Thaw Treatment on the Precipitation of Octyl <i>β</i>-D-Galactoside Hemihydrate Crystal from the Aqueous Solution

et al. 2018

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Cryogenic treatment, like the freeze-thaw process, has been reported to be effective in modifying the physicochemical properties of polymeric hydrogels. However, not much attention has been paid to this process in terms of the precipitation of surfactant-water systems. In this study, two effective cryogenic methodologies were successfully reported to alter the physicochemical properties of a precipitate of an octyl β-D-galactoside (Oct-Gal)-water system. First, hyperrapid cooling (i.e., cooling at 30°C/min) was found to be an effective type of cryogenic treatment: the phase transition temperature (T) and enthalpy at the phase transition (∆H) between the crystal-dispersed phase and the sol (micelle) phase significantly decreased. In addition, cryogenic treatment in the presence of electrolytes, such as NaCl, NaBr, and CsCl, was effective even in the absence of the hyperrapid cooling condition. The hyperrapid cooling or the addition of certain electrolytes was considered to prevent the precipitation of the Oct-Gal hemihydrate crystals prior to the complete freezing of ice and the electrolyte/ice eutectic. Hence, the size of the aggregated crystals prepared by the above-mentioned effective cryogenic treatments seemed to be decreased compared with that of the normal precipitated crystals, thereby changing T and ∆H. Thus, two basic methodologies for the modification of the physicochemical properties of the crystal-dispersed phase of surfactant-water systems are discussed.

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“…As reported in literature, to prepare conventional hydrogels based on DMAEM, high concentrations of monomer are necessary as the radical polymerization to take place (2-7 M) [23,35], the time necessary to reach the equilibrium of swelling being very long. Cryogelation at − 18°C was adopted in this work as the strategy for the synthesis of the semi-IPN composite gels because it was demonstrated that cryogels are endowed with a fast response at the variation of the external stimuli [32,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. To the best of our knowledge, semi-IPN cryogels having PDMAEM as a matrix and PA compared with PS as entrapped polysaccharides and their response at the external stimuli such as temperature, pH and ionic strength have never been investigated up to now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-stimuli-responsive semi-IPN cryogels with native and anionic potato starch entrapped in poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) matrix and their potential in drug delivery

Drăgan¹,

Loghin²,

Cocârță³

et al. 2016

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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A Brief History of Polymeric Cryogels

Cited by 97 publications

References 345 publications

Flow-Through Catalytic Reactors Based on Metal Nanoparticles Immobilized within Porous Polymeric Gels and Surfaces/Hollows of Polymeric Membranes

Flow-Through Catalytic Reactors Based on Metal Nanoparticles Immobilized within Porous Polymeric Gels and Surfaces/Hollows of Polymeric Membranes

Effect of Freeze–Thaw Treatment on the Precipitation of Octyl <i>β</i>-D-Galactoside Hemihydrate Crystal from the Aqueous Solution

Multi-stimuli-responsive semi-IPN cryogels with native and anionic potato starch entrapped in poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) matrix and their potential in drug delivery

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