Preparation and Characterization of Porous Hydroxyapatite and Alginate Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Objective: To prepare and characterize composite scaffolds of a hydroxyapatite (HA) and an alginate having high viscosity. Materials and Methods:HA powder was synthesized using wet chemical precipitation, the alginate powder was extracted from the Sargassum duplicatum seaweed, and the HA/alginate composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared techniques were utilized to characterize the HA and alginate, and electron microscopy was used to evaluate the HA and the HA/alginate composite scaffolds. The HA/alginate composite scaffold obtained from the commercially available HA and alginate powders were employed as a comparison.Results: Synthesized HAs were identified as the HA phase, which contained absorbed water, phosphate, and carbonate groups. The extracted alginate contained the carboxyl, cyclic ether and hydroxyl groups. The scaffolds prepared from the HA and alginate mixture were three-dimensional and containing interconnected pores with a diameter ranging from 150 to 300 µm and pore walls of a composite construction. Conclusion:A three-dimensional scaffold was produced using a freeze-drying method from a composite of HA and the high viscosity alginate solution. The scaffold was highly porous and showed interconnected pores, with a diameter ranging from 150 to 300 µm.

Physical and chemical characteristics of Asian sea bass bio‐calcium powders as affected by ultrasonication treatment and drying method

“…Freeze-drying more likely resulted in a less compact structure with increased porosity (BUF), hence the solubility was slightly higher than the more compact hot air-dried product (BUR). This is consistent with previous reports that freeze-drying enhanced the porosity of Hap (Indrani et al, 2017;Román et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2017).…”

Functionalized Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Focused Review

“…This was compared with the commercially available HAP and alginate. The hybrid showed a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure of 150–300 μm that is sufficient for bone regeneration …”

Alginic Acid Polymer-Hydroxyapatite Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…ALGH porous scaffold was used as a framework with uniformly distributed and interconnected pore structure and Chit-HAP composite solution was introduced into the pores of the ALGH framework to form polyelectrolyte complex scaffolds [ 87 ]. Highly porous ALGH-HAP microstructures with uniform HAP particle distribution were obtained using a freeze-drying technique [ 89 , 90 ]. ALGH-HAP composites with isotropic or anisotropic porosity were developed using two different freezing methods [ 91 ].…”