Preparation and characterization of insensitive HMX/rGO/G composites via in situ reduction of graphene oxide

Abstract

Composites of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane/reduced graphene oxide/graphite (HMX/rGO/G) were successfully prepared via an in situ chemical reduction coating method. The morphology, composition and thermal decomposition characteristic of the composites were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis (DTA). rGO together with G exhibited a better desensitizing effect than fullerene and carbon nanotubes. When 1.0 wt% GO and 1.0 wt% G were added as desensitizing materials, the impact sensitivity of raw HMX decreased from 100% to 8% and the friction sensitivity decreased from 100% to 0% after in situ chemical reduction coating. Meanwhile, DTA results indicated that rGO and G were compatible with HMX. These combined properties suggest that rGO sheets along with graphite can be utilized as co-desensitizers in HMX explosives.

Coating and Thermal Kinetic Studies of PETN Particles with Multi‐Wall Carbon Nano Tube‐Triton X‐114 by the Solvent/Nonsolvent Process via Taguchi Design Optimization

“…Sensitivity is a key character for the safety of explosive materials and has a significant effect on packaging, storage, transportation and application of these materials . Therefore, an impact sensitivity test for the manufactured explosives was considered.…”

Preparation of insensitive composites based on penta erythritol tetra nitrate particles coated with carbon black- Triton X114 by a solvent/non-solvent process via Taguchi design optimization

“…Sensitivity is a key property for the safety of explosive materials and has a significant effect on packaging, storage, transportation and application of these materials [30]. Therefore, an impact sensitivity test for manufactured explosives is generally considered.…”

Interaction Mechanisms of Insensitive Explosive FOX-7 and Graphene Oxides from Ab Initio Calculations

“…Among them, molecular and crystal structures, including chemical composition, crystal packing, crystal morphology, size, shape, purity, and defects, are strongly related to the intrinsic qualities of the materials. Until now, various strategies, such as recrystallization, energetic co-crystals, adding and coating of the inert materials including with organic wax [7], high polymers [8], stearic acid [9], and carbon materials (CMs) [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], have been proposed to reduce the sensitivity and improve the performance of EMs.…”

“…% graphene oxide (GO) and 1.0 wt. % graphite, both the sensitivity and the friction of HMX were reduced from 100% to 8% and to 0%, respectively [11]. Li et al and Liu et al separately confirmed that GO sheets not only notably reduced the sensitivity, but also enhanced the thermal stability of HMX [12,13].…”