Preparation and Characterization of Imunosensors for Disease Diagnosis

Ferreira, Antonio Aparecido Pupim; Fugivara, Cecilio Sadao; Yamanaka, Hideko; Benedetti, Assis Vicente

doi:10.5772/17265

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…The CV measurements of the electroactive species such as Fe(CN) 6 3−/4− are a valuable and convenient tool to monitor the blocking effect of the surface of the modified electrode, since the transfer of electrons between the electrode and the species in solution is dependent on the degree of coverage of the conductive surface [ 46 ]. The degree of inhibition of the faradaic process is closely related to the electrochemical properties of the films deposited on the electrode surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Immunosensor Based on Liquid Crystal and Gold Nanoparticles for Cardiac Troponin I Detection

et al. 2022

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The development of electrochemical biosensors for CVD markers detection, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), becomes an important diagnostic strategy. Thus, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with columnar liquid crystal (LCcol) and gold nanoparticles stabilized in polyallylamine hydrochloride (AuNPs–PAH), and the surface was employed to evaluate the interaction of the cTnI antibody (anti-cTnI) and cTnI for detection in blood plasma. Morphological and electrochemical investigations were used in the characterization and optimization of the materials used in the construction of the immunosensor. The specific interaction of cTnI with the surface of the immunosensor containing anti-cTnI was monitored indirectly using a redox probe. The formation of the immunocomplex caused the suppression of the analytical signal, which was observed due to the insulating characteristics of the protein. The cTnI–immunosensor interaction showed linear responses from 0.01 to 0.3 ng mL−1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 ng mL−1 for linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and 0.01 ng mL−1 for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), showing good diagnostic capacity for point-of-care applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Immunosensor Based on Liquid Crystal and Gold Nanoparticles for Cardiac Troponin I Detection

et al. 2022

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“…The voltammetric methods produce low noise and can be used to detect multiple species with different peak potentials in a single scan [ 71 ]. The CV technique is used to study the stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the biosensor [ 72 ]. Ly et al [ 73 ] used a CNT electrode modified with bismuth to detect the DNA of Helicobacter pylori present in the gastric tissue of a patient.…”

Section: Electrochemical Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors: Applications, Challenges, and Future Scope

et al. 2021

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The electrochemical biosensors are a class of biosensors which convert biological information such as analyte concentration that is a biological recognition element (biochemical receptor) into current or voltage. Electrochemical biosensors depict propitious diagnostic technology which can detect biomarkers in body fluids such as sweat, blood, feces, or urine. Combinations of suitable immobilization techniques with effective transducers give rise to an efficient biosensor. They have been employed in the food industry, medical sciences, defense, studying plant biology, etc. While sensing complex structures and entities, a large data is obtained, and it becomes difficult to manually interpret all the data. Machine learning helps in interpreting large sensing data. In the case of biosensors, the presence of impurity affects the performance of the sensor and machine learning helps in removing signals obtained from the contaminants to obtain a high sensitivity. In this review, we discuss different types of biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning. This is followed by a discussion on the challenges, missing gaps in the knowledge, and solutions in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for scientists and engineers entering the interdisciplinary field of electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, this review provides insight into the type of electrochemical biosensors, their applications, the importance of machine learning (ML) in biosensing, and challenges and future outlook.

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“…Fundamentals and mathematical analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be found in [7,8]. For some applications of CV and EIS to immunosensors characterization, the readers are referred to [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…associated with the biosensor response. For example, if one compares the amperometric technique with the EIS [9], also used in biosensors characterization and monitoring, there is no doubt that the later is much more laborious; it is also true that EIS is a better technique to deeply investigate the global behavior of the system [3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%