“…A correlation between the particle sizes and the achieved success rates for crackfree drying cannot be found by comparing the results of three different zirconia powders with particle sizes of 26, 150, and 360 nm. However, a correlation between the surface area (BET) ranging from 6.8 to 68.3 m 2 /g and the success rates for crack-free drying appears to be plausible (Table S1, supporting information 16,17 ). We assume that a binder concentration of 12 mg/g ceramic is not high enough for hydroxyapatite with a specific surface area of 68.3 m 2 /g, silica with a specific surface area of 22.6 m 2 /g, zirconia (particles 26 nm) with a specific surface area of 15.1 m 2 /g, titania with a specific surface area of 13.1 m 2 /g, and alumina with a specific surface area of 12.8 m 2 /g to saturate the whole particle surface with binder molecules to avoid cracking during the drying process.…”
Crack‐free ceramic micropatterns made of oxidic ceramic powders, e.g. alumina, titania, zirconia, and nonoxidic calciumphosphate ceramic powders were fabricated by a novel, simple, and low‐cost modified micromolding (m‐μM) technique via polydimethylsiloxane stamps. By means of this m‐μM technique it is possible to fabricate monolithic ceramic bodies with a micropatterned surface with very high accuracy on surface detail. Our produced micropatterns can feature various geometries, e.g. cylinders, holes, channels, and struts with diameters ranging from 8 to 140 μm in diameter or widths and from 8 to 30 μm in depth or height. The oxidic and nonoxidic ceramic micropatterns could be removed from the molds and dried without any cracks. Even after sintering, these micropatterned samples showed no cracks or fissures. The reported technique has a very high potential for fully automatized up‐scale fabrication of micropatterned ceramic surfaces.
“…A correlation between the particle sizes and the achieved success rates for crackfree drying cannot be found by comparing the results of three different zirconia powders with particle sizes of 26, 150, and 360 nm. However, a correlation between the surface area (BET) ranging from 6.8 to 68.3 m 2 /g and the success rates for crack-free drying appears to be plausible (Table S1, supporting information 16,17 ). We assume that a binder concentration of 12 mg/g ceramic is not high enough for hydroxyapatite with a specific surface area of 68.3 m 2 /g, silica with a specific surface area of 22.6 m 2 /g, zirconia (particles 26 nm) with a specific surface area of 15.1 m 2 /g, titania with a specific surface area of 13.1 m 2 /g, and alumina with a specific surface area of 12.8 m 2 /g to saturate the whole particle surface with binder molecules to avoid cracking during the drying process.…”
Crack‐free ceramic micropatterns made of oxidic ceramic powders, e.g. alumina, titania, zirconia, and nonoxidic calciumphosphate ceramic powders were fabricated by a novel, simple, and low‐cost modified micromolding (m‐μM) technique via polydimethylsiloxane stamps. By means of this m‐μM technique it is possible to fabricate monolithic ceramic bodies with a micropatterned surface with very high accuracy on surface detail. Our produced micropatterns can feature various geometries, e.g. cylinders, holes, channels, and struts with diameters ranging from 8 to 140 μm in diameter or widths and from 8 to 30 μm in depth or height. The oxidic and nonoxidic ceramic micropatterns could be removed from the molds and dried without any cracks. Even after sintering, these micropatterned samples showed no cracks or fissures. The reported technique has a very high potential for fully automatized up‐scale fabrication of micropatterned ceramic surfaces.
“…The HA is reported [21] to have a negative zetapotential at various pH values. The behavior of CTAB is considered to correlate with the charge and stereochemistry properties.…”
“…A relatively sibility of dynamically altering polymer composition, small amount of research has been conducted in the a limited number of materials can be used owing to field of biomaterials for RM. the narrow range of viscosities that can be employed Tian et al [117] demonstrated the preparation and to obtain high-resolution structures. characterization of HA suspensions by wet chemical Ang et al [114] reported the fabrication of threesynthesis for layer manufacturing in 2002. dimensional chitosan (a naturally occurring aminoPfister et al [118] reported the development and polysaccharide) and HA (0, 20, and 40%HA) scaffolds use of zinc polycarboxylate ionomers as a powder with regular and reproducible macropore architecmaterial for 3DP.…”
Abstract:Traditional in vivo devices fabricated to be used as implantation devices included sutures, plates, pins, screws, and joint replacement implants. Also, akin to developments in regenerative medicine and drug delivery, there has been the pursuit of less conventional in vivo devices that demand complex architecture and composition, such as tissue scaffolds. Commercial means of fabricating traditional devices include machining and moulding processes. Such manufacturing techniques impose considerable lead times and geometrical limitations, and restrict the economic production of customized products. Attempts at the production of non-conventional devices have included particulate leaching, solvent casting, and phase transition. These techniques cannot provide the desired total control over internal architecture and compositional variation, which subsequently restricts the application of these products. Consequently, several parties are investigating the use of freeform layer manufacturing techniques to overcome these difficulties and provide viable in vivo devices of greater functionality. This paper identifies the concepts of rapid manufacturing (RM) and the development of biomanufacturing based on layer manufacturing techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on the development and experimentation of new materials for bio-RM, production techniques based on the layer manufacturing concept, and computer modelling of in vivo devices for RM techniques.
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