Preparation and Characterization of Crystalline Silicon by Electrochemical Liquid–Liquid–Solid Crystal Growth in Ionic Liquid

Zhao, Zhiwei; Yang, Cheng; Wu, Liang; Zhang, Chenglong; Wang, Ruixue; Ma, E.

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c00304

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Zhao et al . [ 141 ] obtained excellent-quality crystalline silicon films in a similar system by adjusting the reaction temperature, deposition potential/duration, and different substrates. However, as an attractive strategy for the fabrication of crystalline Si in low-temperature ionic liquids, ec-LLS strategies still have many problems to be addressed.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Silicon Electrochemical Extraction Strategi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Silicon Production Technologies with Reduced Carbon Emission

2023

Research

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Sustainable and low-carbon-emission silicon production is currently one of the main focuses for the metallurgical and materials science communities. Electrochemistry, considered a promising strategy, has been explored to produce silicon due to prominent advantages: (a) high electricity utilization efficiency; (b) low-cost silica as a raw material; and (c) tunable morphologies and structures, including films, nanowires, and nanotubes. This review begins with a summary of early research on the extraction of silicon by electrochemistry. Emphasis has been placed on the electro-deoxidation and dissolution–electrodeposition of silica in chloride molten salts since the 21st century, including the basic reaction mechanisms, the fabrication of photoactive Si films for solar cells, the design and production of nano-Si and various silicon components for energy conversion, as well as storage applications. Besides, the feasibility of silicon electrodeposition in room-temperature ionic liquids and its unique opportunities are evaluated. On this basis, the challenges and future research directions for silicon electrochemical production strategies are proposed and discussed, which are essential to achieve large-scale sustainable production of silicon by electrochemistry.

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Section: State-of-the-art Silicon Electrochemical Extraction Strategi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Silicon Production Technologies with Reduced Carbon Emission

2023

Research

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“…ec-LLS is not specific to just the common liquid metals in electrochemistry (i.e., Hg), having been performed with other pure liquid metals and molten alloys. ,− ec-LLS is agnostic toward electrolyte type, i.e,. both molecular and ionic electrolyte solvents are suitable. , ec-LLS can be performed with large or minute volumes of liquid metals. , …”

Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…both molecular and ionic electrolyte solvents are suitable. 25,26 ec-LLS can be performed with large or minute volumes of liquid metals. 27,28 Still, ec-LLS is deceptively complex to optimize.…”

Section: ■ Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Expanding the Prospects for Electrosynthesis with Liquid Metal Electrodes

Hazelnis

Maldonado

2023

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: This Account describes and summarizes the latest work from our laboratory on developing and maturing strategies based on low-temperature liquid metals as reaction environments for materials synthesis. The electrochemical liquid−liquid−solid (ec-LLS) crystal growth concept is a hybrid method that combines electrodeposition and melt crystal growth. Using liquid metals as both electrodes and solvents for the purpose of producing inorganic crystals and materials, a simple and environmentally friendly process is possible. The impetus is to address the key deficiency in the inorganic crystalline materials that are the basis of modern optoelectronics and renewable energy capture/conversion systems. Specifically, existing methods for synthesizing crystalline inorganic materials for these purposes are largely energy-and resource-intensive, with a substantial impact on the environment when scaled. A long-term goal of our work with ec-LLS is to realize a materials synthetic process that is matured without requiring intensive resources or negatively impacting the environment. To this end, the factors that both limit and govern ec-LLS processes must be identified and understood. To date, questions regarding the factors that affect crystal nucleation and growth, form factors, and overall composition remain.Previous work established concretely ec-LLS as a versatile method for synthesizing and producing crystalline semiconductors at low temperatures as either particles, nanowires, or microwires. Subsequent experiments have focused on two tiers. First, the microscopic details of the liquid metal and its interfaces that dictate materials synthesis and crystal growth must be identified. Second, strategies that widen the attainable material form factors to facilitate device architectures must be realized. Hence, this Account describes results aimed at answering three questions: (1) What are the consequences of reaching supersaturation by an electrochemical rather than a thermal driving force for crystal growth in ec-LLS? (2) Can the location of nucleation and subsequent crystal growth be controlled? (3) Does the atomic structure of the liquid metal affect product formation in ec-LLS? The science described herein illustrates the value of in situ methods spanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray reflectance for revealing the role that liquid metal composition and structure can play in ec-LLS. Additionally, we summarize work that shows for the first time that it is possible to produce both single-crystalline epitaxial films and complex intermetallic compounds through ec-LLS by tuning the cell design, electrochemical excitation waveform, and composition of the liquid metal electrodes.The cumulative findings described here substantially enrich our understanding of the ec-LLS concept while simultaneously motivating further questions moving forward. Is it possible to attain complete control over the crystalline quality and composition of ec-LLS products? Can th...

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Silicon Electrowinning and Electrodeposition of Thin Layers

2022

Silicon

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Preparation and Characterization of Crystalline Silicon by Electrochemical Liquid–Liquid–Solid Crystal Growth in Ionic Liquid

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Silicon Production Technologies with Reduced Carbon Emission

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Silicon Production Technologies with Reduced Carbon Emission

Understanding and Expanding the Prospects for Electrosynthesis with Liquid Metal Electrodes

Silicon Electrowinning and Electrodeposition of Thin Layers

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