Preparation and Characterization of Copper/Yttria Titania Zirconia Cermets for Use as Possible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Kiratzis, Nikolas Euripides; Holtappels, Peter; Hatchwell, C; Mogensen, Mogens Bjerg; Irvine, John Thomas Sirr

doi:10.1002/1615-6854(200112)1:3/4<211::aid-fuce211>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Attempts to produce Cu cermets by traditional methods (co-firing of CuO x and YSZ, following by reduction of CuO x ) have been shown to ineffective due to the fact that CuO x -YSZ mixtures cannot be calcined to temperatures high enough to properly sinter the YSZ; when YSZ sintering does not occur at sufficiently high temperatures, there is a segregation of Cu out of the YSZ upon reduction [13]. An alternative method that we developed begins with preparation of a YSZ bilayer in which a dense YSZ layer is attached to a highly porous YSZ layer [8,14].…”

Section: Fabrication Of Cu Cermetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments on anodes for direct fuel utilization in SOFC

Gorte

2004

Solid State Ionics

123

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This paper reviews recent work on SOFC anode fabrication at the University of Pennsylvania. In this work, anode fabrication is based on the preparation of a porous YSZ matrix, into which electronic and catalytic components are added by impregnation of the appropriate metal salts. First, the methods used to prepare porous YSZ are described, along with a description of the structures that are obtained. Next, it is demonstrated that cell performance is strongly affected by the methods used to impregnate and pretreat ceria that is added to the porous YSZ. Third, the role of carbonaceous deposits within the anode is discussed. These deposits can lead to improved electronic conductivity that results in improved performance. Finally, the effect of precious-metal dopants, added to ceria to improve the catalytic properties of the anode, is discussed. Pd, Pt, and Rh are shown to give large increases in the performance of the cells, particularly in CH 4 . KeywordsSolid-oxide fuel cell, Direct utilization, n-Butane, Methane, Cu, Yttria-stabilized zirconia, Ceria AbstractThis paper reviews recent work on SOFC anode fabrication at the University of Pennsylvania. In this work, anode fabrication is based on the preparation of a porous YSZ matrix, into which electronic and catalytic components are added by impregnation of the appropriate metal salts. First, the methods used to prepare porous YSZ are described, along with a description of the structures that are obtained. Next, it is demonstrated that cell performance is strongly affected by the methods used to impregnate and pretreat ceria that is added to the porous YSZ. Third, the role of carbonaceous deposits within the anode is discussed. These deposits can lead to improved electronic conductivity that results in improved performance. Finally, the effect of precious-metal dopants, added to ceria to improve the catalytic properties of the anode, is discussed. Pd, Pt, and Rh are shown to give large increases in the performance of the cells, particularly in CH 4 .

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Section: Fabrication Of Cu Cermetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments on anodes for direct fuel utilization in SOFC

Gorte

2004

Solid State Ionics

123

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“…6), 7) The major challenge for the commercialization of SOFCs is the development and fabrication of a cost-competitive and highly efficient electrolyte that can operate in the temperature range of 500800°C.…”

Section: )5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of enthalpy-enhancing gas on ionic conductivity of atmospheric plasma-sprayed 3.9 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte for 75–106 micron particles

Wu¹,

Fung²

2012

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Enthalpy-enhancing gas is used to optimize the ionic conductivity of atmospheric plasma-sprayed 3.9 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia (3.9YSZ) electrolyte. In the experiment, three hydrogen gas flow rates are used to control the plasma energy. The 3.9YSZ feedstock powder is sieved to obtain particles with sizes in the range of 75106¯m. The electrolyte has the highest hardness and lowest roughness when sprayed at hydrogen gas flow rates of 12 and 7 Lmin ¹1 , respectively. The electrolyte bulk density increases and the apparent porosity decreases with increasing hydrogen gas flow rate. A 3.9YSZ electrolyte with an ionic conductivity of 1789¯ (³ cm) ¹1 is obtained at 800°C with a hydrogen gas flow rate of 12 Lmin ¹1 . It is controlled by the grain-boundary conductivity. The increase in grain-boundary conductivity is closely related to a low apparent porosity, low migration energy, and a decrease in grain size. Hydrogen gas enhances the growth of columnar grains and suppresses the formation of the monoclinic phase, which is attributed to increased intragrain conductivity.

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“…Another approach being used in the development of cermet anodes that allow the use of fairly dry hydrocarbon is to use a relatively inert metal such as Cu for electrical conductivity and a metal oxide to provide catalytic activity and ionic conductivity. Examples of this type of composite anode include Cu/CeO 2 /YSZ [16] and Cu/YZT (titania doped yttria zirconia) [17]. The Cu/CeO 2 /YSZ anode system is particularly interesting and has been shown to be effective for the direct utilization of a variety of hydrocarbon fuels including butane and decane and highly resistant to deactivation via carbon deposition [18].…”

Section: Other Cermetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu-YSZ cermets prepared by calcining mixtures of CuO and YSZ, the method conventionally used to prepare Ni cermets, are unstable in reducing atmospheres above 650ºC, indeed, Cu seems a remarkably mobile species [49]. It is necessary to calcine the CuO-YSZ mixtures at relatively low temperatures in order to avoid melting of the CuO, making it less easy to achieve a well connected, YSZ skeleton; however the easy migration of the Cu phase makes such composites seem untenable with respect to long term stability.…”

Section: Direct Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells

Atkinson

Barnett

GORTE

et al. 2010

Materials for Sustainable Energy

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Fuel cells will undoubtedly find widespread use in this new millennium in the conversion of chemical to electrical energy, as they offer very high efficiencies and have unique scalability in electricity generation applications. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most exciting of these energy technologies; it is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500-1000ºC. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to utilise CO as a fuel rather than being poisoned and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power or combined cycle gas turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to utilise commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and hence is one of the lead new technologies to improve the environment. Herein, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better utilisation of readily available fuels. is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500-1000 o C. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to utilise CO as a fuel rather than being poisoned and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power or combined cycle gas turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to utilise commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and hence is one of the lead new technologies to improve the environment.Herein, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better utilisation of readily available fuels.

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Preparation and Characterization of Copper/Yttria Titania Zirconia Cermets for Use as Possible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Recent developments on anodes for direct fuel utilization in SOFC

Recent developments on anodes for direct fuel utilization in SOFC

Effects of enthalpy-enhancing gas on ionic conductivity of atmospheric plasma-sprayed 3.9 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte for 75–106 micron particles

Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells

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