Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells

Abstract

Fuel cells will undoubtedly find widespread use in this new millennium in the conversion of chemical to electrical energy, as they offer very high efficiencies and have unique scalability in electricity generation applications. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most exciting of these energy technologies; it is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500-1000ºC. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to utilise CO as a fuel rather than being poisoned and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power or combined cycle gas turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to utilise commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and hence is one of the lead new technologies to improve the environment. Herein, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better utilisation of readily available fuels. is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500-1000 o C. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to utilise CO as a fuel rather than being poisoned and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power or combined cycle gas turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to utilise commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and hence is one of the lead new technologies to improve the environment.Herein, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better utilisation of readily available fuels.

Efeitos da dopagem com gadolínia na densificação e nas propriedades elétricas de soluções sólidas Ce0,99-xGdxCu0,01O2-δ

“…As células a combustível de óxido sólido (CCOS), dispositivos eletroquímicos que convertem a energia química da reação de combustíveis em eletricidade, vêm se destacando como uma das principais promessas tecnológicas de produção de energia limpa, por apresentar flexibilidade no uso de combustíveis e característica modular [1][2][3][4]. A unidade básica de uma CCOS consiste essencialmente de dois eletrodos porosos (catodo e anodo) separados por um eletrólito denso.…”

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INTRODUÇÃOAs células a combustível de óxido sólido (CCOS), dispositivos eletroquímicos que convertem a energia química da reação de combustíveis em eletricidade, vêm se destacando como uma das principais promessas tecnológicas de produção de energia limpa, por apresentar flexibilidade no uso de combustíveis e característica modular [1][2][3][4] Aveiro, Portugal thamyscira@gmail.com, chrystian.m.lima@hotmail.com, ricardopsd@gmail.com, flavia@cear.ufpb.br, grilo. jpf@gmail.com, rajeshayr@gmail.com, damaced@gmail.com Resumo Soluções sólidas à base de céria (CeO 2 ) são materiais promissores para aplicação como eletrólitos de células a combustível de óxido sólido.

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Internal reforming of biogas in SOFC: a model based investigation

“…Whereas, a report by Santarelli et al claims the absence of carbon deposition at much higher CO 2 /CH 4 ratios (2.33-4) again on Ni/YSZ anode [9]. Several approaches to suppress carbon deposition by anode modification have also been reported in the literature [6,10,11] Although there are handful of experimental studies available for the direct biogas reforming in SOFCs, modeling studies are scarce in the literature. Santarelli et al analyzed the performance of an anode supported (1.7 mm) tubular SOFC using previously published models and kinetics from the literature [9].…”

Reduction and Oxidation of Transition-Metal Oxide Thin Films: Solid-State Chemistry with Epitaxially Grown Thin Films

“…In perovskites containing strontium and iron, SrFeO 3¹1/n (n = 1, 2, 4, 8, and¨), oxygen-vacancyordered phases are known ( Figure 1). 13 SrFeO 3 (n =¨) with Fe 4+ O 6 octahedra is synthesized in a strongly oxidizing atmosphere. 4 Its crystal structure is cubic (space group, Pm 3m) with a = 3.851 ¡ and the compound shows metallic conductivity down to low temperatures.…”