Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Obtained from Shells of Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)

Abstract

The main source of commercial chitosan is the extensive deacetylation of its parent polymer chitin. It is present in green algae, the cell walls or fungi and in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. A novel procedure for preparing chitosan from shrimp shells was developed. The procedure involves two 10-minutes bleaching steps with ethanol after the usual demineralization and deproteinization processes. Before deacetylation, chitin was immersed in 12.5 M NaOH, cooled down and kept frozen for 24 h. The obtained chitosan was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and viscosimetry. Samples of white chitosan with acetylation degrees below 9% were obtained, as determined by FTIR and UV-first derivative spectroscopy. The change in the morphology of samples was followed by SEM. The ash content of chitosan samples were all below 0.063%. Chitosan was soluble in 1% acetic acid with insoluble contents of 0.62% or less. XRD patterns exhibited the characteristic peaks of chitosan centered at 10 and 20 degrees in 2θ. The molecular weight of chitosan was between 2.3 and 2.8 ×0.166667em105 g/mol. It is concluded that the procedure developed in the present work allowed obtaining chitosans with physical and chemical properties suitable for pharmaceutical applications.

Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from Crustacean Waste: A Constructive Waste Management Approach

“…XRD results clearly indicated the presence of chitosan peaks was compared by de Queiroz et al [16]. The results of the XRD spectra of chitosan prepared from the different sources were depicted in Figure 3 …”

Chitosan Composites in Packaging Industry—Current Trends and Future Challenges

“…Chitosan production involves several chemical processes, such as decalcification, deproteinization, decolorization and deacetylation ( Figure 2) [83]. Demineralization of the shells is usually carried out with dilute HCl solutions at room temperature, although other acids may also be used (HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , CH 3 COOH).…”

“…The main components of crustacean shells are chitin (15%-40%), protein (20%-40%), calcium and magnesium carbonate (20%-50%), together with other minor constituents, such as astaxanthin, lipids, and other minerals [81,82]. Chitosan production involves several chemical processes, such as decalcification, deproteinization, decolorization and deacetylation ( Figure 2) [83]. Demineralization of the shells is usually carried out with dilute HCl solutions at room temperature, although other acids may also be used (HNO3, H2SO4, CH3COOH).…”

Apparent digestibility coefficient of chitosan foam for nile tilapia

“…Chitin is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers and can be found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, mollusc cartilage, insect cuticles, cell walls of microorganisms (Kyzas and Bikiaris, 2015) and fish scales (Kumari et al 2015). The remains discarded by the processing industries of crustaceans (shrimp, prawn, crab and lobster) are a potential source of chitin, whose main components are chitin (15-40%), protein (20-40%), calcium carbonate and magnesium (20-50%), and smaller constituents, such as astaxanthin, lipids and other minerals (Queiroz et al 2017).…”