Preparation and characterization of Bi2O3/XNBR flexible films for attenuating gamma rays

Liao, Yingdi; Xu, Duigong; Zhang, Pengcheng

doi:10.1007/s41365-018-0436-7

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The density of the films was measured according to Archimedes’ principle to confirm the Bi 2 O 3 fraction in the films. Film densities were plotted against mass fraction ( Figure 6 ) and were in agreement with previous studies [ 47 ]. In general, the density of the films increased as the loading of the filler increased ( Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Bismuth trioxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) is a Bi derivative that has 89% of Bi by weight, which makes it an excellent candidate for radiation attenuation applications, including RAGs. Bi 2 O 3 is considered safe for medical applications [ 46 , 47 ], and moreover, it is odorless, inexpensive, and abundant, with stable mechanical and chemical properties [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guayule Natural Rubber Latex and Bi2O3 Films for X-ray Attenuating Medical Gloves

et al. 2022

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Existing natural latex radiation-attenuating gloves (RAGs) contain a high loading of radiation attenuation filler that reduces their mechanical properties to below Food and Drug Administration (FDA) medical glove requirements. RAGs are commonly formulated using Hevea natural rubber latex and lead-based fillers. The former can cause life-threatening allergic responses and the latter are known for their toxicity. In this work, a new lead-free RAG formulation based on circumallergenic guayule natural rubber latex (GNRL) and non-toxic radiation attenuation filler bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) was developed. GNRL films with Bi2O3 loadings ranging from 0 to 300 PHR at different thicknesses were prepared. Radiation attenuation efficiencies (AE) at 60, 80, 100, and 120 kVp were determined and attenuation isocontour curves predicted film thickness and Bi2O3 loading required to meet or exceed the radiation attenuation requirements of ASTM D7866 and commercial RAGs. Optimal curing conditions for GNRL/Bi2O3 films with 150 PHR Bi2O3 were investigated by varying curing temperatures and time from 87 °C to 96 °C and 65 min to 90 min, respectively. In general, as the loading of the filler increased, the density of the films increased while the thickness decreased. GNRL/Bi2O3 films with 150 PHR Bi2O3 and 0.27 mm provided 5% more AE than RAG market average attenuation at the same thickness. The films with 150 PHR Bi2O3 cured under near-optimal conditions (90 °C/85 min, and 87 °C/65 min) met both the radiation attenuation standard (ASTM D7866) and the natural latex surgeon and examination glove standards (ASTM D3577 and D3578, respectively). Thus, gloves made using our formulations and protocols demonstrated potential to meet and surpass medical natural latex glove standards, offer a single product for both infection control and radiation protection instead of double-gloving, provide a greater degree of comfort to the user, and simultaneously reduce contact reactions and eliminate potential latex allergic reaction.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guayule Natural Rubber Latex and Bi2O3 Films for X-ray Attenuating Medical Gloves

et al. 2022

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“…Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is a technique for identifying the thermal changes and reactions in the composites in a particular temperature range of 80–750 °C. DTA analysis can detect the discontinuous changes in specific heat, which are associated with such transitions 21 . Figure 6 and Table 5 reveal that, for the thermograms of the nanocomposites with low filler concentrations, the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites shifts towards the lower temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another work by Gavrish et al, an improvement in thermophysical, radiation-shielding, and mechanical properties was found by varying the amount of tungsten nanopowder 20 . Bi 2 O 3 was dispersed in Bi 2 O 3 /XNBR films, in the concentration range of 30–70 wt% by Liao et al These films had an effective role in attenuating low energy gamma rays 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing a novel low energy gamma ray shield utilizing Polycarbonate Bismuth Oxide composite

Mehrara

Malekie

Kotahi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The fabrication of different weight percentages of Polycarbonate-Bismuth Oxide composite (PC-Bi2O3), namely 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%, was done via the mixed-solution method. The dispersion state of the inclusions into the polymeric matrix was studied through XRD and SEM analyses. Also, TGA and DTA analyses were carried out to investigate the thermal properties of the samples. Results showed that increasing the amount of Bi2O3 into the polymer matrix shifted the glass transition temperature of the composites towards the lower temperatures. Then, the amount of mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were measured using a CsI(Tl) detector for different gamma rays of 241Am, 57Co, 99mTc, and 133Ba radioactive sources. It was obtained that increasing the concentration of the Bi2O3 fillers in the polycarbonate matrix resulted in increasing the attenuation coefficients of the composites significantly. The attenuation coefficient was enhanced twenty-three times for 50 wt% composite in 59 keV energy, comparing to the pure polycarbonate.

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“…Varying the quantity of tungsten nanopowder yielded improvement in thermophysical, radiation shielding and mechanical properties by [ 27 ]. In addition, concentration ranges of 30–70 wt% Bi 2 O 3 were dispersed in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber latex films [ 28 ]. The films effectively attenuated low-energy photon beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LDPE/Bismuth Oxide Nanocomposite: Preparation, Characterization and Application in X-ray Shielding

et al. 2021

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Recently developed polymer-based composites could prove useful in many applications such as in radiation shielding. In this work, the potential of a bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanofiller based on an LDPE polymer was developed as lead-free X-ray radiation shielding offering the benefits of lightness, low-cost and non-toxic compared to pure lead. Three different LDPE-based composites were prepared with varying weight percentages of Bi2O3: 5%, 10% and 15%. The characterizations were extended to include structural properties, physical features, mechanical and thermal properties, and radiation shielding efficiency for the prepared nanocomposites. The results revealed that the incorporation of the Bi2O3 nanofiller into an LDPE improved the density of the composites. There was also a slight increase in the tensile strength and tensile modulus. In addition, there was a clear improvement in the efficiency of the shield when fillers were added to the LDPE polymer. The LDPE + Bi2O3 (15%) composite needed the lowest thickness to attenuate 50% of the incident X-rays. The LDPE + Bi2O3 (15%) polymer can also block around 80% of X-rays at 47.9 keV. In real practice, a thicker shield of the proposed composite materials, or a higher percentage of the filler could be employed to safely ensure the radiation is blocked.

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Preparation and characterization of Bi2O3/XNBR flexible films for attenuating gamma rays

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Guayule Natural Rubber Latex and Bi2O3 Films for X-ray Attenuating Medical Gloves

Guayule Natural Rubber Latex and Bi2O3 Films for X-ray Attenuating Medical Gloves

Introducing a novel low energy gamma ray shield utilizing Polycarbonate Bismuth Oxide composite

LDPE/Bismuth Oxide Nanocomposite: Preparation, Characterization and Application in X-ray Shielding

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