Preparation and Characterization of Aminoglycoside-Loaded Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate/Alginate Microspheres against E. coli

Abstract

Although aminoglycosides are one of the common classes of antibiotics that have been widely used for treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, the evolution of bacterial resistance mechanisms and their inherent toxicity have diminished their applicability. Biocompatible carrier systems can help sustain and control the delivery of antibacterial compounds while reducing the chances of antibacterial resistance or accumulation in unwanted tissues. In this study, novel chitosan gel beads were synthesized by a double ionic co-crosslinking mechanism. Tripolyphosphate and alginate, a polysaccharide obtained from marine brown algae, were employed as ionic cross-linkers to prepare the chitosan-based networks of gel beads. The in vitro release of streptomycin and kanamycin A was bimodal; an initial burst release was observed followed by a diffusion mediated sustained release, based on a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Finally, in terms of antibacterial properties, the particles resulted in growth inhibition of Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria.

A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Microspheres: Milestones Achieved and Miles to Go

“…Chitosan gel beads made of polysaccharide were created employing a twofold ionic co-crosslinking mechanism [124]. As crosslinkers, alginate and tripolyphosphate were employed.…”

Advances in Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy

“…ALG/CS NPs co-loaded with RIF and ascorbic acid adhered to the bacterial surface, damaged the cell membrane integrity, and were taken up into MRSA cells, resulting in considerable lower MIC values compared with free RIF, and showed potential to be used for treatments of pulmonary intracellular infections [ 204 ]. The initial burst release of streptomycin and kanamycin A encapsulated in CS-based gel beads prepared using double ionic co-crosslinking with TPP and ALG during the first three days, exceeding the minimal antibiotic therapeutic concentration of 1–4 μg/mL due to rapid water penetration inside the microsphere, was followed with the sustained release of drugs lasting 11 days and the formulation effectively inhibited the growth of E. coli [ 205 ].…”