Preparation and characterization of active carbon spheres prepared by chemical activation

Baghel, Anuradha; Singh, Beer; Prasad, G.K.; Pandey, P. N.; Gutch, P. K.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.080

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms at -196 ºC of GE and the SACs prepared from it (a) and of the two commercial samples (b).FromTable 1 also several points merit to be commented: 1) the adsorption capacities (apparent BET surface areas and total micropore volumes) develop a b considerably with the burn-off percentage, whereas narrow micropores especially develop at low burn-off percentages; 2) for large BO percentages, much larger porosities are achieved with CO 2 activation than with steam (compare, as an example, samples GE65S and GE65C, with the same burn-off percentage) and 3) the spherical carbon precursor used (GE) can easily be activated with CO 2 or steam allowing to prepare spherical activated carbons with a wide range of adsorption capacities that might reach outstanding values in comparison with published data [41,42]. For example, Baghel et al obtained spherical activated carbons from polystyrene with BET surface areas ranging between 243 m 2 /g and 976 m 2 /g (for burn-off percentages between 50 and 66 %)[41]. Tennison also obtained spherical activated carbons from phenolic resin with BET surface areas between 691 m 2 /g and 1284 m 2 /g[42] and in our previous study, we studied the activation with CO 2 and steam activation of a dense commercial spherical activated carbon (KC) with an apparent surface area around 1300 m 2 /g, leading to SACs with surface areas up to 2600 m 2 /g[1].…”

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Activation of a spherical carbon for toluene adsorption at low concentration

Romero-Anaya

Lillo-Ródenas

Linares-Solano

2014

Carbon

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This paper complements a previous one [1] about toluene adsorption on a commercial spherical activated carbon and on samples obtained from it by CO 2 or steam activation. The present paper deals with the activation of a commercial spherical carbon (SC) having low porosity and high bed density (0.85 g/cm 3) using the same procedure. Our results show that SC can be well activated with CO 2 or steam. The increase in the burnoff percentage leads to an increase in the gravimetric adsorption capacity (more intensively for CO 2) and a decrease in bed density (more intensively for CO 2). However, for similar porosity developments similar bed densities are achieved for CO 2 and steam. Especial attention is paid to differences between both activating agents, comparing samples having similar or different activation rates, showing that CO 2 generates more narrow porosity and penetrates more inside the spherical particles than steam. Steam activates more from the outside to the interior of the spheres and hence produces larger spheres size reductions. With both activation agents and with a suitable combination of porosity development and bed density, quite high volumetric adsorption values of toluene (up to 236 g toluene/L) can be obtained even using a low toluene concentration (200 ppmv).

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confidence: 99%

Activation of a spherical carbon for toluene adsorption at low concentration

Romero-Anaya

Lillo-Ródenas

Linares-Solano

2014

Carbon

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“…Carbon Spheres The activated carbon sphere was prepared as per our earlier communication 17 . In brief, sun dried sulfonated polystyrene divinylbenzene (Ion exchange, India) resin was heated in the fluidised bed reactor (FBR), up to 200-250 ºC under air to release the inherent moisture.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterisation Of Activatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop adsorbent materials which can address all the above aforementioned drawbacks without compromising its protective potential and comfort to the wearer or combatant. To overcome these drawbacks, carbonaceous materials, particularly microporous activated carbon spheres (ACS) as an adsorbents are of great interest because of it high mechanical strength, higher water resistance, higher thermal stability, good chemical resistance to both alkaline and acidic media, easy preparation, tunable pore structure and low ash content 17,18 . Thus, ACS is considered to be one of the most potential as adsorbent for the fabrication of chemical protective clothing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Protection Studies of Activated Carbon Spheres based Permeable Protective Clothing Against Sulfur Mustard, a Chemical Warfare Agent

et al. 2019

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Technological advancements in the field of chemical threat have made it possible to create extremely dangerous chemical warfare agents (CWA). Hence, the effective protection of personnel is very important in a chemical warfare scenario amidst the current climate of terrorism awareness. In particular, body protection plays a substantial role in the chemical defence considering the urgency of situation in the nuclear, biological and chemical environment. Activated carbon spheres (ACS) based permeable chemical protective clothing (coverall) was developed for protection against CWA. The adsorbent material i.e, ACS used in this protective clothing provided higher adsorption capacity (1029 mg/g in terms of iodine) and low thermal burden (34 °C WBGT index) compared to earlier indigenously developed NBC suit. This article focuses on the extensive evaluation of chemical protective clothing against sulfur mustard (HD), a CWA. The results revealed that the developed protective clothing provided more than 24 h protection against HD. This chemical protective suit is light weight (< 2.75 kg for XL size). It also has higher air permeability (> 30 cm 3 /s/cm 2 ) as well as less water vapour resistance (< 9.6 m 2 Pa/W). With continued innovations in materials and attention to key challenges it is expected that advanced, multifunction chemical protective suit will play a pivotal role in the CWA protection scenario.

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“…Powder, granular, spherical and fiber or fabric forms are the different variant of the AC. ACs are used in various fields such as removal of heavy metals and toxic gases, biomedical application, catalysis, natural and biogas storage [1][2][3][4] . Recently, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) or fabrics have gained increased attention of scientific community over the traditional adsorbents owing to their excellent adsorption potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon Fabric: An Adsorbent Material for Chemical Protective Clothing

Thakare¹,

Tripathi²,

Singh³

et al. 2017

Def. Sc. Jl.

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<p class="p1">Activated carbon fabric or fiber (ACF) is a novel carbonaceous material with exceptionally high adsorption rate and larger adsorption capacity, that has emerged as a rising star in the field of adsorbents. ACF has many advantages over other commercial porous storage materials such as granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon in terms of adsorption capacity, well defined microporous structure, stability, flexibility and ease of lamination to various substrates. In the last few years, activated carbon fabrics have gained greater choice of interest for use as an adsorbent material in several fields including nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protection suit. Viscose rayon, acetate, polyacrylonitrile, pitch, and phenolic based materials are mainly used as precursors for preparation of ACF. ACF or fibres are generally prepared by process comprising stabilisation, carbonisation and activation of precursors. Reviews recent advances and developments in the field of ACF and their utility as an adsorbent material in various fields including NBC scenario. ACF with unmatchable pore structure and surface characteristics at present, with continued innovations and attention to its key challenges, it is expected that ACF will play a pivotal role in diverse environmental, defence<em>, </em>and civil applications.</p>

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Preparation and characterization of active carbon spheres prepared by chemical activation

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Activation of a spherical carbon for toluene adsorption at low concentration

Activation of a spherical carbon for toluene adsorption at low concentration

Chemical Protection Studies of Activated Carbon Spheres based Permeable Protective Clothing Against Sulfur Mustard, a Chemical Warfare Agent

Activated Carbon Fabric: An Adsorbent Material for Chemical Protective Clothing

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