Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Apple Waste by Microwave-Assisted Phosphoric Acid Activation: Application in Methylene Blue Adsorption

Hesas, Roozbeh Hoseinzadeh; Arami-Niya, Arash; Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan; Sahu, J.N.

doi:10.15376/biores.8.2.2950-2966

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Hesas et al [28] reported the highest adsorption (94.6%) among all the studies. The reason for this could be due to the relatively smaller surface area of activated carbon because it is obvious that a higher surface area leads to a higher adsorption efficiency [33].…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

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Adsorption capability of activated carbon synthesized from coconut shell

Islam¹,

Ang²,

Gharehkhani³

et al. 2016

Carbon letters

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Activated carbon was synthesized from coconut shells. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of the synthesized activated carbon was found to be 1640 m 2 /g with a pore volume of 1.032 cm 3 /g. The average pore diameter of the activated carbon was found to be 2.52 nm. By applying the size-strain plot method to the X-ray diffraction data, the crystallite size and the crystal strain was determined to be 42.46 nm and 0.000489897, respectively, which indicate a perfect crystallite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy image showed the presence of well-developed pores on the surface of the activated carbon. The presence of important functional groups was shown by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum. The adsorption of methyl orange onto the activated carbon reached 100% after 12 min. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption of methyl orange solution by the activated carbon followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic mechanism (R 2 > 0.995). Therefore, the results show that the produced activated carbon can be used as a proper adsorbent for dye containing effluents.

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Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Many studies have been done on the removal of dye molecules from aqueous solutions by activated carbon; however, most of them were unable to remove dye molecules completely (100%) in a short time period [28][29][30][31][32]. Hesas et al [28] reported the highest adsorption (94.6%) among all the studies.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption capability of activated carbon synthesized from coconut shell

Islam¹,

Ang²,

Gharehkhani³

et al. 2016

Carbon letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The PSD is one of the important material properties, which determines the fraction of the total pore volume accessible to molecules of a given size and shape. 20 Total pore volumes (0.842 cm 3 g −1 for CAC and 0.830 cm 3 g −1 for MAC) are presented in Table 3 are quite comparable but CAC has significantly bigger micropore pore volume (0.488 cm 3 g −1 ) than MAC (0.354 cm 3 g −1 ). Therefore, the higher gas adsorption of CAC is due to its larger specific surface area mainly contributable to micropores.…”

Section: Psd and Volume Of The Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from macadamia nut shell waste by carbon dioxide activation: Comparative characterisation and study of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution

Wongcharee

Aravinthan

Erdei

et al. 2018

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Activated carbons are the most widely used adsorbents; however, producing high‐performance mesoporous activated carbons with simple technology still remains a challenge. In this research, waste macadamia nut shell (MNS) was explored as precursor for preparing mesoporous activated carbons by carbon dioxide activation. The material characteristics of MNS‐based activated carbon (MAC) were thoroughly examined in comparison with a premium‐grade commercial activated carbon (CAC). MAC and CAC had specific surface areas of 830 and 1,299 m2 g−1, respectively. Although CAC had a predominantly microporous structure, about 74% of the pore volume of MAC is composed of mesopores. Adsorption performances were evaluated in batch experiments using methylene blue model pollutant and demonstrated 135 and 181 mg g−1 saturation capacities for MAC and CAC, respectively. Non‐linear regression found that the fractal‐like pseudo first‐order model accurately described sorption kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was the rate‐limiting step. Among 6 established isotherm models, the Liu equilibrium model showed the best statistics. Thermodynamic analysis verified that the process was favourable and involved physisorption. These results show that valuable mesoporous activated carbons can be prepared from the biowaste MNS with simple production technology to suit environmental and industrial applications.

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“…Apple pulp and apple peel  Modified microwave oven was used  Furnace was used during the activation process.  Activation agent: phosphoric acid  The highest removal of methylene blue was 94.6% and 87.2% for pulp-based, and peel-based activated carbon [52].  BET surface area showed the highest value (1552 m 2 /g) in apple peel based activated carbon if compared to pulp based (1103 m 2 /g).…”

Section: Elaeagnus Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

Short Review on the Use of Oil Palm Shell in Concrete and Activated Carbon

Soonmin¹,

Khan²

2020

WJNSE

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Oil palm is known as Elaeis guineensis, found in Africa, South East Asia and China. Oil palm shell is used to prepare activated carbon because of high carbon content, high surface area, highly developed porosity and low price. During the physical activation, carbonization occurs in order to create porosity in the raw material. Literature review indicated that carbon material was impregnated with chemical agents such as phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride in chemical activation process. Experimental results showed that the obtained activated carbon was used in hydrogen storage purpose, supercapacitor, gases and liquid phase adsorption process. On the other hand, oil palm shell was used in manufacturing lightweight concrete because of lighter and will not produce toxic substance. The bulk density and compressive strength of oil palm shell-based concrete were 500 -600 kg/m 3 and more than 25 MPa, respectively.

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Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Apple Waste by Microwave-Assisted Phosphoric Acid Activation: Application in Methylene Blue Adsorption

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Adsorption capability of activated carbon synthesized from coconut shell

Adsorption capability of activated carbon synthesized from coconut shell

Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from macadamia nut shell waste by carbon dioxide activation: Comparative characterisation and study of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution

Short Review on the Use of Oil Palm Shell in Concrete and Activated Carbon

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