Abstract:Activated carbon was synthesized from coconut shells. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of the synthesized activated carbon was found to be 1640 m 2 /g with a pore volume of 1.032 cm 3 /g. The average pore diameter of the activated carbon was found to be 2.52 nm. By applying the size-strain plot method to the X-ray diffraction data, the crystallite size and the crystal strain was determined to be 42.46 nm and 0.000489897, respectively, which indicate a perfect crystallite structure. The field emissi… Show more
“…However, a peak at about 1035 cm −1 attributed to C–OH (or epoxy group) is still present, revealing a partial reduction, furthermore, no evidence for the presence of C=O exists. The peaks at 930.4 and 679.9 cm −1 may be attributed to the ring deformation and physisorbed carbon dioxide, respectively [12]. The MO FTIR spectrum is similar to the reported one [13].…”
The adsorption of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions onto a KOH-activated polypyrrole-based adsorbent (PACK) was investigated using batch and fixed-bed column techniques. The structural, thermal, and morphological properties of the PACK, analyzed by various methods, support its applicability as an adsorbent. An adsorption kinetic study revealed a preferably pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.9996) and rate-limiting step controlled by both film and intra-particle diffusions. The thermodynamic adsorption tests resulted in negative ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values, which decreased as the temperature and concentration increased, indicating the spontaneous and exothermic adsorption over 25–45 °C. The adsorption isotherms fit the experimental data in the order of Langmuir ≈ Freundlich > Temkin, with evidence of adsorption operating well via the monolayer physical adsorption process, and maximum monolayer adsorption ranging from 520.8 to 497.5 mg/g. The breakthrough curve of the fixed-bed column experiment was modeled using the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Hill models, resulting in an equilibrium capacity of 57.21 mg/g. A 73% MO recovery was achieved, indicating the possibility of column regeneration. Compared to other adsorbents reported, PACK had comparable or even superior capacity toward MO. For cost-effectiveness, similar nitrogen-containing polymeric wastes could be exploited to obtain such excellent materials for various applications.
“…However, a peak at about 1035 cm −1 attributed to C–OH (or epoxy group) is still present, revealing a partial reduction, furthermore, no evidence for the presence of C=O exists. The peaks at 930.4 and 679.9 cm −1 may be attributed to the ring deformation and physisorbed carbon dioxide, respectively [12]. The MO FTIR spectrum is similar to the reported one [13].…”
The adsorption of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions onto a KOH-activated polypyrrole-based adsorbent (PACK) was investigated using batch and fixed-bed column techniques. The structural, thermal, and morphological properties of the PACK, analyzed by various methods, support its applicability as an adsorbent. An adsorption kinetic study revealed a preferably pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.9996) and rate-limiting step controlled by both film and intra-particle diffusions. The thermodynamic adsorption tests resulted in negative ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values, which decreased as the temperature and concentration increased, indicating the spontaneous and exothermic adsorption over 25–45 °C. The adsorption isotherms fit the experimental data in the order of Langmuir ≈ Freundlich > Temkin, with evidence of adsorption operating well via the monolayer physical adsorption process, and maximum monolayer adsorption ranging from 520.8 to 497.5 mg/g. The breakthrough curve of the fixed-bed column experiment was modeled using the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Hill models, resulting in an equilibrium capacity of 57.21 mg/g. A 73% MO recovery was achieved, indicating the possibility of column regeneration. Compared to other adsorbents reported, PACK had comparable or even superior capacity toward MO. For cost-effectiveness, similar nitrogen-containing polymeric wastes could be exploited to obtain such excellent materials for various applications.
“…Additionally, the consistency of both the theoretical and experimental values for q e confirms the adsorption kinetic process obeyed pseudo second order [55]. It was proven from the research conducted by Islam et al [41,42]. The q actual for the adsorption of Methylene Blue by the activated carbon prepared using coconut shell impregnated with NaOH via hydrothermal method is 48.01 mg/L.…”
Section: Lagergren's Pseudo Second Ordersupporting
confidence: 57%
“…Coconut shell was the predominantly used part for the removal of dyes from the waste water. There are three ways to modify the coconut shell prior to the removal of dyes, namely activated carbon [39][40][41][42][43], acid or base treatment [44,45], and as immobilizer for the bacteria [46]. Table 1 summarizes the physical parameters, adsorption kinetic and equilibrium isotherm of the modified coconut shell.…”
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a palm tree belonging to the Arecaceae family that possesses a thousand and one uses. Each part of the tree has it's uses and can be made into products. Also, various parts of the coconut tree have been utilized to remove various types of dyes from water and waste water via chemical, physical and biological methods. Adsorption is one of the widely used physical methods over their counterparts owing to cost efficiency and ease in handling. The key parameters for the adsorption process are the initial concentration of adsorbate, dosage of adsorbent, the pH and contact time. Additionally, the kinetic parameters, equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamics of the adsorption of dyes on the adsorbent were explored.
“…Weak peak at 3436.78 cm −1 ascribed to O–H stretching groups.Whereas weak splayed peak at 1631.28 cm −1 is related to C–C vibrations in aromatic rings [19]. Peak at 1034.98 cm −1 is strong board and might be assigned to the alcoholic C–O stretching vibration [20].Fig. 3Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum.…”
Treated palm oil mill effluents (POME) is of great concern as it still has colour from its dissolved organics which may pollute receiving water bodies. In this study, the removal of colour from treated palm oil mill effluent were investigated through adsorption studies using carbon derived from wastewater sludge (WSC). Sludge from activated sludge plants were dried and processed to produce WSC. In this study, three different bed depths of WSC were used: 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. For each bed depth, the flowrate was varied at three different values: 100 mL/hr, 50 mL/hr and 25 mL/hr. It was found that at bed depth of 5 cm, the breakthrough curves were occurred at 360 min, 150 min and 15 min for flowrates of 25, 50 and 100 mL/hr respectively. It was observed that at a particular depth the exhaustion time for column reduced as flow rate increases. Kinetic models, Adams-Bohart and Yoon-Nelson were used to analyze the performance of the adsorption. It was found that rate constant for Adams Bohart model decreased with the increase in bed depth. Adsorption capacity obtained from Adams-Bohart model ranged from 2676.19 mg/L up to 8938.78 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacity increases with smaller bed depth. For Yoon-Nelson model, the rate constant decreases with increase in bed depth. The required time for 50% breakthrough obtained from the models ranged from 17.01 to 104.17 minutes for all three bed depths. The reduction of colour was found to be effective at all bed depths. The experimental data was best described by both models as with higher values of correlation coefficient (R2).
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