The Juru River is a highly industrialized, urbanized, and agricultural catchment. This study aimed to investigate trace elements in Juru mangrove sediments, including geochemical baselines and enrichment. Sediment was collected from the mangrove in Juru, Penang, Malaysia. A total of eight target elements was examined. Instrumentation activation analysis (INAA) was used to determine the concentration of Fe, V, Cr, Zn and Co. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the concentration of elements that not detectable by INAA (Cd, Pb, and As). In both methods, validated reference material studies were used for validation of the methodology. Metal pollution was estimated using the Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), and Pollutant Load Index (PLI). The EF, Igeo, and CF ranges from 0.45–7.96, -2.18 – 1.95, and 0.33–5.83 respectively. The order of accumulation of the elemental concentration found was Fe > Zn> Cr > V > Pb > As > Co >Cd. The computed mean value of PLI exceeds the unit (PLI > 1).
Biodegradable solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is prepared by solution-casting technique using low-cost cellulose derivative, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) as a host polymer. Owing to the hydrophobic nature of this polymer, it is predicted to exhibit low ionic conductivity upon addition of magnesium trifluoro methanesulfonate (MgTf 2 ) salt. Therefore, ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoro methanesulfonate (BMIMTf), is added in order to enhance its ionic conductivity. Based on the findings, the ionic conductivity at room temperature and the dielectric behaviors of the SPE complex improved upon incorporation of 40 wt.% IL. On top of that, addition of IL reduces the degree of crystallinity and the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the SPE. The conductivity-temperature plot revealed that the transportation of ions in these films obey Arrhenius theory. The interaction between SPE complex, MgTf 2 salt, and BMIMTf is investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy through the change in peak intensity around 3413, 1570, and 1060 cm −1 , which are responsible for -OH stretching band, C-C and C-N bending modes of cyclic BMIM + , and C-O-C stretching band, respectively.
Biodegradable solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) systems composed of hydroxylethyl cellulose blended with copper(II) oxide (CuO) and yttrium(III) oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles as fillers, magnesium trifluoromethane sulfonate salt, and 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate ionic liquid were prepared, and the effects of the incorporation of CuO and Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles on the performance of the SPEs for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) were compared. The X-ray diffraction results reveal that the crystallinity of the SPE complex decreased upon inclusion of the Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles compared to CuO nanoparticles; this led to a higher ionic conductivity of the Y 2 O 3 -based SPE [(3.08 6 0.01) 3 10 24 S/cm] as compared to CuO [(2.03 6 0.01) 3 10 24 S/cm]. The EDLC performances demonstrated that the cell based on CuO nanoparticles had superior performance in terms of the specific capacitance, energy, and power density compared to the Y 2 O 3 -nanoparticle-based cell. However, Y 2 O 3 -nanoparticle-based cell displayed a high cyclic retention (91.32%) compared to the CuO-nanoparticle-based cell (80.46%) after 3000 chargedischarge cycles.
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