Preparation and characterisation of high-density ionic liquids incorporating halobismuthate anions

Abstract

A range of ionic liquids containing dialkylimidazolium cations and halobismuthate anions ([BiBr(x)Cl(y)I(z)](-) and [Bi2Br(x)Cl(y)I(z)](-)) were synthesised by combining dialkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids with bismuth(III) halide salts. The majority were room temperature liquids, all with very high densities. The neat ionic liquids and their mixtures with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were characterised using Densitometry, Viscometry, NMR Spectroscopy, Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI), Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (LSIMS), Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), to establish their speciation and suitability for high-temperature applications.

A physicochemical investigation of ionic liquid mixtures

“…molten NaCl at >801 °C), the term is commonly used to refer to compounds that are liquid at much lower temperatures, with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) being of particular interest. 1 The broad range of possible cation and anion combinations has led to ionic liquids being labelled ‘designer solvents’, 2 and RTILs are finding increasing widespread application in synthetic chemistry, in engineering applications, 3 , 4 and in dissolution and modification of lignocellulosic biomass. 5 However, this synthetic flexibility can render it difficult to choose the best ionic liquid for any given application.…”

Ionic liquids: not always innocent solvents for cellulose

“…Ionic liquids are molten at, or close to, room temperature, and are typically constituted of polyatomic, asymmetrical and charge-diffuse ions. [1][2][3] Ionic liquids are characterised by their high densities and viscosities, [4][5][6] and differ from their neutral small-molecule solvent counterparts by their low vapour pressures. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Throughout the past twenty years, applications of ionic liquids have become varied and far-reaching, foremost as solvents for sustainable synthetic processes, 1,15 as battery electrolytes, 16 in the capture of CO 2 , [17][18][19] and in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass.…”

On the Anion Exchange of PX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) in Ionic Liquids comprising Halide Anions

“…In all applications mentioned above, fundamental knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and behavior of the involved species are required to obtain reproducible results, high yields and defined morphologies. With focus on the actual molecular species in ILs, several spectroscopic in situ techniques have been employed, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),, Raman,, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), or extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) , . Often combinations of complementary techniques are required to identify the active species.…”