Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea using K2CO3

Gürten, İffet Işıl; Özmak, Meryem; Yağmur, Emine; Aktaş, Zeki

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.12.030

Cited by 165 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Chemical activation of adsorbents: Reagents such as phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide are used in the chemical activation of carbon under different conditions [37,38]. Alkali hydroxides and zinc chloride are not preferred due to their corrosive natures and the harmful effects associated with the disposal [39]. Potassium carbonate is used as a food addictive thus it is safe to use it as an activating agent in the production of activated carbon.…”

Section: Raw and Treated Agricultural Solid Wastes In Dye Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Dye Removal from Its Aqueous Solution into Alternative Cost Effective and Non-Conventional Adsorbents

Dawood¹,

Sen

2013

Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering

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Dyes are complex organic compounds which are used by various industries to colour their products. These dyes are purged from various industrial sources such as textile, cosmetic, paper, leather, rubber and printing industries. Wastewater effluents contain dyes which may cause potential hazards to the environment. Some of these dyes are toxic, carcinogenic and can cause skin and eye irritation. Therefore, many researchers have been studied the effectiveness of dyes removal from aqueous solution by different separation methods. Different separation techniques have been used for the treatment of dye-bearing wastewater such as adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, advanced oxidation technologies, ozonation, and membrane-filtration, aerobic and anaerobic degradation. All dye separation techniques have their own limitation in terms of design, operation efficiency and total cost. This review paper provides extensive literature information about dyes, its classification and toxicity together with various treatment methods into dye adsorption characteristics of several non-conventional cost effective sustainable adsorbents. The mechanism and the effects of various physio-chemical process parameters on dye adsorption are presented here.

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Section: Raw and Treated Agricultural Solid Wastes In Dye Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…carbonization and activation are united at relatively lower temperature operation and higher yield [37,38]. Various researchers [28,30,[38][39][40]have successfully reported the production of chemically activated biomass based AC in the dye removal.…”

Section: Raw and Treated Agricultural Solid Wastes In Dye Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Dye Removal from Its Aqueous Solution into Alternative Cost Effective and Non-Conventional Adsorbents

Dawood¹,

Sen

2013

Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering

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“…On the other hand, there have been a number of studies that focused on the preparation and characterization of AC from waste tea (WTAC) using different activating agents for the adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution [230][231][232][233]. For instance, an AC produced from waste tea leaves with a novel activating agent such as potassium acetate for the sorption of acid blue 25 (AB25) dye in a batch mode technique was conducted by Auta and Hameed (2011).…”

Section: Case Studies On Ac Derived Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural By-products/Wastes for Enhancing Contaminant Uptakes from Wastewater: A Review

Sulyman

Namieśnik

Gierak

2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

201

112

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A major threat to the comfort of human life has been imposed by increased industrialization and urbanization. The generation and disposal of huge amounts of toxic materials and pollutants have heavily contaminated our environment. Some Organics such as synthetic dyes (SD) and heavy metals (HM) are becoming increasingly prevalent as the most dangerous pollutants in soil and surface water environments. They are causing great concern worldwide due to their toxicity to many life forms.Environmentally friendly utilization of agricultural by-products/waste materials either as raw materials or in production of so-called activated carbons (AC) is an important issue. Because it is apparent from our literature review that the main factors characterizing these materials are their affordability, local availability, and efficiencies in removing many unwanted toxics and pollutants, they therefore could be utilized instead of more conventional but expensive adsorbent materials, particularly in developing countries where many industries lack appropriate individual sewage treatment systems; even where they exist, they lack satisfactory functioning and maintenance because of the lack of good budgets.A number of case studies are supplied in this review. These case studies have pointed to the efficient removal of SD/HM ions from aqueous solutions by the agricultural by-products/wastes in the form of a raw material, signifying spent tea leaves (STL) as a good example. Besides, the efficient removal of such ions by AC produced from these agricultural by-products/wastes has also been given in detail, suggesting a variety of AC agricultural by-products/wastes sources. Both kinds are widely used adsorbents in the treatment of wastewaters. Our review has shown that these adsorbents are characterized by many exceptional physical and chemical features that make them widely used adsorbents in the treatment of wastewaters. The adsorption efficiencies by these substances were also affected by the characteristics of AC, which depend on the physical and chemical properties of the precursor (i.e., agricultural by-products/wastes) as well as on the activation method applied, which is either chemical or physical. The structural properties of the resulting

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“…AC obtained from biomass such as AP has the obvious advantages, such as environmental friendliness, efficiency, and low cost compared with non-renewable, coal-based activated carbons (Kucherenko et al 2010;Yan and Sorial 2011). K2CO3 as an activating agent has low corrosion to facilities, less environmental damage than KOH and H2SO4 (Guo and Lua 1999), and extensive applications in AC production (Gurten et al 2012). AP can be used for preparing AC by high temperature activation, which prevents the further spread of mowed AP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon Prepared from Alternanthera philoxeroides Biomass by One-step K2CO3 Activation

Chen

Dou

2017

BioResources

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Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP) by K2CO3 one-step mixing activation. The effects of the mixing mass ratio of K2CO3 to AP, activation temperature, N2 flow rate, and period on the yield and specific surface area of ACs were investigated. The results showed that the surface area and pore volume of ACs were closely related to activation conditions and that the activation temperature was the main factor influencing the surface area and pore volume. The activation conditions only had a slight effect on the yield of ACs, which varied between 13.5% and 19.5%. The surface area of 1799.8 m 2 /g was obtained at a K2CO3 to AP mass ratio of 2:1, activation temperature of 900 °C, activation time of 2 h, and N2 flow rate of 60 cm 3 /min. The surface morphology of ACs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the recovered K2CO3 was characterized with powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The SEM images of the ACs also showed that the activation temperature had an obvious effect on the porous structure.

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Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea using K2CO3

Cited by 165 publications

References 41 publications

Review on Dye Removal from Its Aqueous Solution into Alternative Cost Effective and Non-Conventional Adsorbents

Review on Dye Removal from Its Aqueous Solution into Alternative Cost Effective and Non-Conventional Adsorbents

Low-cost Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural By-products/Wastes for Enhancing Contaminant Uptakes from Wastewater: A Review

Activated Carbon Prepared from Alternanthera philoxeroides Biomass by One-step K2CO3 Activation

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