Prenatal Stress, Poverty, and Child Outcomes

Lefmann, Tess; Combs‐Orme, Terri

doi:10.1007/s10560-014-0340-x

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Apart from worse achievement in standardized tests, children living under impoverished conditions face a higher level of stress, affecting their memory, learning, and achievement. Moreover, they have higher rates of morbidity and chronic diseases, and more emotional and behavior problems (Moore et al, 2009; Lefmann and Combs-Orme, 2014). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Implications of Achievement Testing Using Multilevel Models: The Case of Brazilian Elementary Schools

et al. 2016

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Large-scale educational assessment has been established as source of descriptive, evaluative and interpretative information that influence educational policies worldwide throughout the last third of the twentieth century. In the 1990s the Brazilian Ministry of Education developed the National Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) that regularly measures management, resource and contextual school features and academic achievement in public and private institutions. In 2005, after significant piloting and review of the SAEB, a new sampling strategy was taken and Prova Brasil became the new instrument used by the Ministry to assess skills in Portuguese (reading comprehension) and Mathematics (problem solving), as well as collecting contextual information concerning the school, principal, teacher, and the students. This study aims to identify which variables are predictors of academic achievement of fifth grade students on Prova Brasil. Across a large sample of students, multilevel models tested a large number of variables relevant to student achievement. This approach uncovered critical variables not commonly seen as significant in light of other achievement determinants, including student habits, teacher ethnicity, and school technological resources. As such, this approach demonstrates the value of MLM to appropriately nuanced educational policies that reflect critical influences on student achievement. Its implications for wider application for psychology studies that may have relevant impacts for policy are also discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Implications of Achievement Testing Using Multilevel Models: The Case of Brazilian Elementary Schools

et al. 2016

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“…More recent studies have documented consequences of developmental Pb exposure for brain and behavior enduring beyond childhood (Bellinger 2008;Cecil et al 2008;Reuben et al 2017). The consequences and nature of Pb are greater in lower socioeconomic status communities (Lefmann and Combs-Orme 2014), where a higher proportion of U.S. children younger than 6 years of age were found to have high or very high blood levels compared with those living in communities with a lower percentage of poverty (McClure et al 2016). Because developmental Pb and PS share the HPA axis and brain MESO circuits as targets (Barros et al 2004;Berger et al 2002;Martínez-Telléz et al 2009), our laboratory has studied these risk factors in combination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage- and Sex-Dependent Behavioral and Biochemical Transgenerational Consequences of Developmental Exposure to Lead, Prenatal Stress, and Combined Lead and Prenatal Stress in Mice

Sobolewski

Abston

Conrad

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: Lead (Pb) exposure and prenatal stress (PS) during development are co-occurring risk factors with shared biological substrates. PS has been associated with transgenerational passage of altered behavioral phenotypes, whereas the transgenerational behavioral or biochemical consequences of Pb exposure, and modification of any such effects by PS, is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present study sought to determine whether Pb, PS, or combined Pb and PS exposures produced adverse transgenerational consequences on brain and behavior. METHODS: Maternal Pb and PS exposures were carried out in F0 mice. Outside breeders were used at each subsequent breeding, producing four F1-F2 lineages: [F1 female-F2 female (FF), FM (male), MF, and MM]. F3 offspring were generated from each of these lineages and examined for outcomes previously found to be altered by Pb, PS, or combined Pb and PS in F1 offspring: behavioral performance [fixed-interval (FI) schedule of food reward, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior], dopamine function [striatal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)], glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and plasma corticosterone, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and total percent DNA methylation of Th and Bdnf genes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS: Maternal F0 Pb exposure produced runting in F3 offspring. Considered across lineages, F3 females exhibited Pb-related alterations in behavior, striatal BDNF levels, frontal cortical Th total percentage DNA methylation levels and serum corticosterone levels, whereas F3 males showed Pb-and PS-related alterations in behavior and total percent DNA methylation of hippocampal Bdnf. However, numerous lineage-specific effects were observed, most of greater magnitude than those observed across lineages, with outcomes differing by F3 sex. DISCUSSION: These findings support the possibility that exposures of previous generations to Pb or PS may influence the brain and behavior of future generations. Observed changes were sex-dependent, with F3 females showing multiple changes through Pb-exposed lineages. Lineage effects may occur through maternal responses to pregnancy, altered maternal behavior, epigenetic modifications, or a combination of mechanisms, but they have significant public health ramifications regardless of mechanism. https://doi.

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“…It has been well documented that children living in poverty experience a wide range of disadvantages in the areas of physical and mental health, development, and academic achievement [1,2,3,4]. In Canada, several cohort studies have shown that children living in poverty are more likely to develop health problems [5], to display disruptive behavior [6], and to drop out of high school [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Relationship between Economic Hardship and Child Maltreatment Using Data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013)

Lefebvre

Fallon

Wert

et al. 2017

Behavioral Sciences

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There is strong evidence that poverty and economic disadvantage are associated with child maltreatment; however, research in this area is underdeveloped in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between economic hardship and maltreatment for families and children identified to the Ontario child protection system for a maltreatment concern. Secondary analyses of the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013) were conducted. The OIS-2013 examines the incidence of reported maltreatment and the characteristics of children and families investigated by child welfare authorities in Ontario in 2013. Descriptive and bivariate chi-square analyses were conducted in addition to a logistic regression predicting the substantiation of maltreatment. In 9% of investigations, the household had run out of money for food, housing, and/or utilities in the past 6 months. Children in these households were more likely to have developmental concerns, academic difficulties, and caregivers with mental health concerns and substance use issues. Controlling for key clinical and case characteristics, children living in families facing economic hardship were almost 2 times more likely to be involved in a substantiated maltreatment investigation (OR = 1.91, p < 0.001). The implications in regard to future research and promoting resilience are discussed.

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Prenatal Stress, Poverty, and Child Outcomes

Cited by 33 publications

References 74 publications

Policy Implications of Achievement Testing Using Multilevel Models: The Case of Brazilian Elementary Schools

Policy Implications of Achievement Testing Using Multilevel Models: The Case of Brazilian Elementary Schools

Lineage- and Sex-Dependent Behavioral and Biochemical Transgenerational Consequences of Developmental Exposure to Lead, Prenatal Stress, and Combined Lead and Prenatal Stress in Mice

Examining the Relationship between Economic Hardship and Child Maltreatment Using Data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013)

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