Examining the Relationship between Economic Hardship and Child Maltreatment Using Data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013)

Lefebvre, Rachael; Fallon, Barbara; Wert, Melissa Van; Filippelli, Joanne

doi:10.3390/bs7010006

Cited by 81 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For instance, the likelihood of CMV infection is higher in children raised in poverty and low socioeconomic status ( 49 , 50 ). Poverty is reliable predictor of more severe forms of ELA such as childhood abuse and neglect ( 51 – 53 ). There is no clear epidemiological data on the prevalence of infection in international adoptees, as were included in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell Immunosenescence after Early Life Adversity: Association with Cytomegalovirus Infection

et al. 2017

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Early life adversity (ELA) increases the risk for multiple age-related diseases, such as diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular disease. As prevalence is high, ELA poses a major and global public health problem. Immunosenescence, or aging of the immune system, has been proposed to underlie the association between ELA and long-term health consequences. However, it is unclear what drives ELA-associated immunosenescence and which cells are primarily affected. We investigated different biomarkers of immunosenescence in a healthy subset of the EpiPath cohort. Participants were either parent-reared (Ctrl, n = 59) or had experienced separation from their parents in early childhood and were subsequently adopted (ELA, n = 18). No difference was observed in telomere length or in methylation levels of age-related CpGs in whole blood, containing a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells. However, when specifically investigating T cells, we found a higher expression of senescence markers (CD57) in ELA. In addition, senescent T cells (CD57+) in ELA had an increased cytolytic potential compared to senescent cells in controls. With a mediation analysis we demonstrated that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which is an important driving force of immunosenescence, largely accounted for elevated CD57 expression observed in ELA. Leukocyte telomere length may obscure cell-specific immunosenescence; here, we demonstrated that the use of cell surface markers of senescence can be more informative. Our data suggest that ELA may increase the risk of CMV infection in early childhood, thereby mediating the effect of ELA on T cell-specific immunosenescence. Thus, future studies should include CMV as a confounder or selectively investigate CMV seronegative cohorts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell Immunosenescence after Early Life Adversity: Association with Cytomegalovirus Infection

et al. 2017

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“…Indeed, levels of education are important predictors of socioeconomic status of the family [67]. Research has shown that lower family socioeconomic situation, resulting in poverty and economic hardships, is an important precursor of child maltreatment [68,69]. On the other hand higher education level with its role in improving socioeconomic status enables people to fulfil their daily needs and respond to demands, relieving stress, and stabilizing the family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand higher education level with its role in improving socioeconomic status enables people to fulfil their daily needs and respond to demands, relieving stress, and stabilizing the family. In addition education protects parents from involvement in negative bahaviors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption [ 69 – 71 ]. This could be an explanation of why highly educated fathers are less likely to commit child abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child abuse in the West Bank of the occupied Palestinian territory (WB/oPt): social and political determinants

2020

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Background: Child maltreatment is a global epidemic. It affects morbidity, mortality, social behavior, wellbeing, and quality of life of children. This study aims to assess prevalence of child abuse in the West Bank (WB) of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) and to determine some of its social and political associated factors. Methods: We analyzed secondary data obtained from a cross sectional study conducted on a sample representing Palestinian children on the West Bank and using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) tool. The ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool for parents (ICAST-P) questionnaire was completed by 1107 Palestinian mothers to estimate physical and emotional child abusive practices at home for children aged 0-12 years. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed using the SPSS® version 20 to assess prevalence and predictors of child abuse. Results: Overall, around 34% of the West Bank-children were abused by their mothers. Results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that male children, children of younger mothers, children whose fathers were with low levels of education, children whose mothers reported low levels of parental warmth, and children whose parents were exposed to political violence were at greater risk of being abused. Conclusions: Child abuse is highly prevalent among children of the Palestinian society in the West Bank. Policy makers need to pay more attention to this epidemic. The association between child abuse and political violence found in this study makes a just solution for Palestinians essential for improving the welfare of children and families.

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“…The cumulative and dose-response effect of ACEs predicts a greater likelihood of later problems. Likewise, recent and persistent exposures (13)(14)(15), as well as combinations of ACEs (e.g., maternal mental health and poverty) (16) have greater implications for child health. Children with more ACEs have higher rates of infections, asthma and obesity compared to a general paediatric population (17).…”

Section: Life Course Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences: Basics for the paediatrician

Jacob

Heuvel

Jama

et al. 2018

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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In 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adverse Childhood Experiences study established the profound effects of early childhood adversity on life course health. The burden of cumulative adversities can affect gene expression, immune system development and condition stress response. A scientific framework provides explanation for numerous childhood and adult health problems and high-risk behaviours that originate in early life. In our review, we discuss adverse childhood experiences, toxic stress, the neurobiological basis and multigenerational and epigenetic transmission of trauma and recognized health implications. Further, we outline building resilience, screening in the clinical setting, primary care interventions, applying trauma-informed care and future directions. We foresee that enhancing knowledge of the far-reaching effects of adverse childhood events will facilitate mitigation of toxic stress, promote child and family resilience and optimize life course health trajectories.

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Examining the Relationship between Economic Hardship and Child Maltreatment Using Data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013)

Cited by 81 publications

References 46 publications

T Cell Immunosenescence after Early Life Adversity: Association with Cytomegalovirus Infection

T Cell Immunosenescence after Early Life Adversity: Association with Cytomegalovirus Infection

Child abuse in the West Bank of the occupied Palestinian territory (WB/oPt): social and political determinants

Adverse childhood experiences: Basics for the paediatrician

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