Prenatal Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure and Child Neurodevelopment at 24 Months: An Analysis of Four Birth Cohorts

Engel, Stephanie M.; Bradman, Asa; Wolff, Mary S.; Rauh, Virginia; Harley, Kim G.; Yang, Jenny; Hoepner, Lori; Barr, Dana Boyd; Yolton, Kimberly; Vedar, Michelle; Xu, Yingying; Hornung, Richard; Wetmur, James G.; Chen, Jia; Holland, Nina; Perera, Frederica P.; Whyatt, Robin M.; Lanphear, Bruce P.; Eskenazi, Brenda

doi:10.1289/ehp.1409474

Cited by 79 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to OP pesticides is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental and birth outcomes among children, but overall were inconclusive (Engel et al, 2016; González-Alzaga et al, 2014; Harley et al, 2016). Considerably higher DAP metabolite concentrations were found in the Generation R population compared to these earlier cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, OP pesticides can cross the placental barrier, as they have been found in human amniotic fluid samples (Bradman et al, 2003). Further, epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to OP pesticides may be associated with adverse neurodevelopmental and birth outcomes (González-Alzaga et al, 2014; Harley et al, 2016), although results are not conclusive (Engel et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determinants of organophosphate pesticide exposure in pregnant women: A population-based cohort study in the Netherlands

Dries

Pronk²,

Guxens

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background In the Netherlands organophosphate (OP) pesticides are frequently used for pest control in agricultural settings. Despite concerns about the potential health impacts of low-level OP pesticides exposure, particularly in vulnerable populations, the primary sources of exposure remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of DAP metabolites concentrations across pregnancy and to examine various determinants of DAP metabolite concentrations among an urban population of women in the Netherlands. Method Urinary concentrations of six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, the main urinary metabolites of OP pesticides, were determined at < 18, 18–25, and > 25 weeks of pregnancy in 784 pregnant women participating in the Generation R Study (between 2004 and 2006), a large population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Questionnaires administered prenatally assessed demographic and lifestyle characteristics and maternal diet. Linear mixed models, with adjustment for relevant covariates, were used to estimate associations between the potential exposure determinants and DAP metabolite concentrations expressed as molar concentrations divided by creatinine levels. Results The median DAP metabolite concentration was 311 nmol/g creatinine for the first trimester, 317 nmol/g creatinine for the second trimester, and 310 nmol/g creatinine for the third trimester. Higher maternal age, married/living with a partner, underweight or normal weight (BMI of < 18.5 and 18.5– < 25), high education, high income, and non-smoking were associated with higher DAP metabolite concentrations, and DAP metabolite concentrations tended to be higher during the summer. Furthermore, fruit intake was associated with increased DAP metabolite concentrations. Each 100 g/d difference in fruit consumption was associated with a 7% higher total DAP metabolite concentration across pregnancy. Other food groups were not associated with higher DAP metabolite concentrations. Conclusions The DAP metabolite concentrations measured in the urine of pregnant women in the Netherlands were higher than those in most other studies previously conducted. Fruit intake was the main dietary source of exposure to OP pesticides in young urban women in the Netherlands. The extent to which DAP metabolite concentrations reflect exposure to the active parent pesticide rather than to less toxic metabolites remains unclear. Further research will be undertaken to investigate the possible effects of this relatively high level OP pesticides exposure on offspring health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of organophosphate pesticide exposure in pregnant women: A population-based cohort study in the Netherlands

Dries

Pronk²,

Guxens

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a recent pooled analysis of these cohorts, significant heterogeneity was found in associations between ΣDMPs and the Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) by cohort. Associations between ΣDMPs and the MDI in CHAMACOS were substantially more deleterious than the three other included cohorts, and the authors argued that a specific agricultural pesticide used in the Salinas Valley that devolves into DMPs (possibly oxydemeton-methyl, which is only used in agricultural applications and not in urban settings), may partly explain this pattern (Engel et al, 2016). Although the exact sources of OP exposure in our population are unknown, during the majority of our study period, chlorpyrifos and diazinon were approved for residential pesticide applications (EPA, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment in both urban (Engel et al, 2016, 2011; Rauh et al, 2006) and agricultural populations (Eskenazi et al, 2007). Specifically, prenatal OP exposure has been associated with measures of cognition, including lower IQ scores and lower scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Development Index (Engel et al, 2016; Eskenazi et al, 2007; Rauh et al, 2006); developmental delay (Liu et al, 2015, 2016); as well as various measures of behavior, including impaired social responsiveness (Furlong et al, 2014); indicators of Pervasive Developmental Disorder (Eskenazi et al, 2007); and inattention (Marks et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and childhood neurodevelopmental phenotypes

Furlong

Herring²,

Buckley

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has been associated with different neurodevelopmental outcomes across different cohorts. A phenotypic approach may address some of these differences by incorporating information across scales and accounting for the complex correlational structure of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Additionally, Bayesian hierarchical modeling can account for confounding by collinear co-exposures. We use this framework to examine associations between prenatal exposure to OPs and behavior, executive functioning, and IQ assessed at age 6–9 years in a cohort of 404 mother/infant pairs recruited during pregnancy. We derived phenotypes of neurodevelopment with a factor analysis, and estimated associations between OP metabolites and these phenotypes in Bayesian hierarchical models for exposure mixtures. We report seven factors: 1) Impulsivity and Externalizing, 2) Executive Functioning, 3) Internalizing, 4) Perceptual Reasoning, 5) Adaptability, 6) Processing Speed, and 7) Verbal Intelligence. These, along with the Working Memory Index, were standardized and scaled so that positive values reflected positive attributes and negative values represented adverse outcomes. Standardized dimethylphosphate metabolites were negatively associated with Internalizing factor scores ( trueβ^−0.13, 95% CI − 0.26, 0.00) but positively associated with Executive Functioning factor scores ( trueβ^0.2em0.18, 95% CI 0.04, 0.31). Standardized diethylphosphate metabolites were negatively associated with the Working Memory Index ( trueβ^−0.17, 95% CI − 0.33, − 0.03). Associations with factor scores were generally stronger and more precise than associations with individual instrument-specific items. Factor analysis of outcomes may provide some advantages in etiological studies of childhood neurodevelopment by incorporating information across scales to reduce dimensionality and improve precision.

show abstract

“…39 Assessments of OP pesticide exposure in non-agricultural US populations have focused on vulnerable communities, and have been largely limited to analyses of prenatal and early life OP exposure and child development. 40–43 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate Pesticide Urinary Metabolites Among Latino Immigrants

Arcury

Laurienti

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background This analysis documents detections and concentrations of the six dialkylphosphate (DAP) urinary metabolite of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides among North Carolina Latino migrant farmworkers, with comparison to non-farmworker Latino immigrants. Methods Participants provided up to 4 urine samples during the 2012 and 2013 agricultural seasons. Composite urine samples for each year were analyzed. Results DAP urinary metabolite detections were similar in farmworkers and non-farmworker; e.g., for 2012, 75.4% of farmworkers and 67.4% of non-farmworkers and, for 2013, 89.3% of farmworkers and 89.7% of non-farmworkers had dimethylthiophosphate detections. DAP geometric mean concentrations were high; e.g., dimethylphosphate concentrations among farmworkers were 11.39 µg/g creatinine for 2012 and 4.49 µg/g creatinine for 2013, while they were 10.49 µg/g creatinine for 2012 and 1.97 µg/g creatinine for 2013 for non-farmworkers Conclusions Research to reduce pesticide exposure among Latino farmworkers and non-farmworkers is needed.

show abstract

Prenatal Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure and Child Neurodevelopment at 24 Months: An Analysis of Four Birth Cohorts

Cited by 79 publications

References 37 publications

Determinants of organophosphate pesticide exposure in pregnant women: A population-based cohort study in the Netherlands

Determinants of organophosphate pesticide exposure in pregnant women: A population-based cohort study in the Netherlands

Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and childhood neurodevelopmental phenotypes

Organophosphate Pesticide Urinary Metabolites Among Latino Immigrants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About