Prenatal Mortality in Farm Animals

Hanly, S.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0020182

Cited by 92 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Interest in the chromosomal constitution of pronucleate zygotes, preimplantation embryos and abortion material of mammals stems from two sources: (a) the high levels of prenatal wastage that are recorded in man (Boué, Boué & Lazar, 1975) and in farm animals (Hanly, 1961) and (b) the high frequency of chromosome abnormalities among human abortion material, with trisomies and polyploidies as the prevailing abnormalities (Boué et al, 1975). In man, there is a coincidence between a high level of chromosome abnormalities amongst early conceptuses and a high level of prenatal death.…”

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confidence: 99%

Karyotypes of 3- or 4-day-old pig embryos after short in-vitro culture

Hoeven¹,

Cuijpers²,

Boer³

1985

Reproduction

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confidence: 99%

Karyotypes of 3- or 4-day-old pig embryos after short in-vitro culture

Hoeven¹,

Cuijpers²,

Boer³

1985

Reproduction

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“…Many environmental factors may interact differently with each pregnancy to a f f e c t embryonic survival (Hanly, 1961;Dziuk, 1987).…”

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Changes in morphology, cell number, cell size and cellular estrogen content of individual littermate pig conceptuses on days 9 to 13 of gestation.

Pusateri

Rothschild²,

Warner³

et al. 1990

Journal of Animal Science

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Days 9 to 12 of gestation in the pig are marked by a pronounced asynchrony among littermate embryos. Previously published studies have suggested that the most advanced embryos within a litter by d 12 synthesize greater amounts of estrogen. Embryonic estrogen secretion has been shown to advance endometrial secretions, which may adversely affect less-developed littermates. To date, however, no comprehensive study of the developmental pattern and synthetic activities of individual littermate embryos during this period has been conducted. Litters were collected from Yorkshire gilts on d 9 (n = 11), 11 (n = 10), 12 (n = 5) and 13 (n = 8). Size (greatest diameter), DNA content (cell number), protein:DNA ratio and estrone (E1) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) content were determined for each embryo. Embryo sizes (mm greatest diameter) were (x +/-SEM) 1 +/-.1, 5.6 +/-.7, 41.2 +/-11.7 and 405.7 +/-16.7 on d 9, 11, 12 and 13, respectively. The daily variation in embryo size, expressed as CV was 82% on d 9, 145% on d 11, 206% on d 12 and 46% on d 13. DNA per embryo increased progressively from d 9 to 13, whereas the protein:DNA ratio declined. Content of E1 and E2 per embryonic cell was greatest on d 11 and d 12 before declining markedly on d 13. Cell number and embryo size were correlated positively in embryos 1 to 7 mm (P less than .01) and embryos greater than 100 mm (P less than .01) but not in embryos 8 to 100 mm. period has been conducted. Litters were collected from Yorkshire gilts on d 9 (n = 1 l), 11 (n = lo), 12 (n = 5 ) and 13 (n = 8). Size (greatest diameter), DNA content (cell number), protein:DNA ratio and estrone (El) and estradiol-17P (EL) content were determined for each embryo. Embryo sizes (mm greatest diameter) were (jr f SEM) 1 f .l, 5.6 f .7,41.2 f 11.7 and 405.7 f 16.7 on d 9, 11, 12 and 13, respectively. The daily variation in embryo size, expressed as CV was 82% on d 9, 145% on d 11, 206% on d 12 and 46% on d 13. DNA per embryo increased progressively from d 9 to 13, whereas the proteimDNA ratio declined. Content of El and E2 per embryonic cell was greatest on d 11 and d 12 before declining markedly on d 13. Cell number and embryo size were correlated positively in embryos 1 to 7 mm (P < .01) and embryos >lo0 mm (P < .01) but not in embryos 8 to 100 m. Initial rapid elongation appears to result both from a redistribution of embryonic cells and an increase in cell number. These data suggest that embryonic diversity and differential estrogen synthesis among littermate embryos is marked on d 11 and d 12.

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“…Perinatal loss amounted to 8\m=.\3% and 26\m=.\7% for the two respective classes of ewes, this presenting a total estimated overall pre-and peri- The subject of prenatal mortality has been reviewed with reference to farm animals, and more particularly the bovine, by Laing (1952), Casida (1953), Robinson (1957) and Hanly (1961). In each case the lack ofinformation on the time of embryonic death was emphasized.…”

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confidence: 99%