Prenatal exposure to pesticides: A feasibility study among migrant and seasonal farmworkers

Cooper, Sharon P.; Burau, Keith D.; Sweeney, Anne; Robison, Tracy; Smith, M. A.; Symanski, Elaine; Colt, Joanne S.; Laseter, John L.; Zahm, Shelia Hoar

doi:10.1002/ajim.1123

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Another large study of 125 spouses of farmer applicators observed that most of the individuals were below 1 ppb (Arbuckle & Ritter, 2005). Other studies of women reported the geometric mean 2,4-D level to be 1 pbb or less (Harris et al, 1992; Cooper et al, 2001; Alexander et al, 2007). The monitoring levels of bystander children were slightly higher than the parents (Arbuckle et al, 2004; Alexander et al, 2007; Arcury et al, 2007).…”

Section: Review Of Urinary Biomonitoringmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology

Burns

Swaen

2012

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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A qualitative review of the epidemiological literature on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and health after 2001 is presented. In order to compare the exposure of the general population, bystanders and occupational groups, their urinary levels were also reviewed. In the general population, 2,4-D exposure is at or near the level of detection (LOD). Among individuals with indirect exposure, i.e. bystanders, the urinary 2,4-D levels were also very low except in individuals with opportunity for direct contact with the herbicide. Occupational exposure, where exposure was highest, was positively correlated with behaviors related to the mixing, loading and applying process and use of personal protection. Information from biomonitoring studies increases our understanding of the validity of the exposure estimates used in epidemiology studies. The 2,4-D epidemiology literature after 2001 is broad and includes studies of cancer, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. In general, a few publications have reported statistically significant associations. However, most lack precision and the results are not replicated in other independent studies. In the context of biomonitoring, the epidemiology data give no convincing or consistent evidence for any chronic adverse effect of 2,4-D in humans.

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Section: Review Of Urinary Biomonitoringmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology

Burns

Swaen

2012

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Endosulfan has also been detected from human tissues. It has been detected from cord blood samples obtained at the time of delivery [19] human sera [72,73], adipose tissue [74] and human milk samples obtained from healthy lactating women in Spain [75], human breast milk from Egypt, Colombia and Nicaragua [76]. High levels of endosulfan were detected in human breast milk in Sub Saharan Africa and also from India [77].…”

Section: Endosulfan Residue In Kola Nutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endosulfan has also been detected from human tissues. It has been detected from cord blood samples obtained at the time of delivery [19]. There is experimental evidence of adverse effects of endosulfan on the male reproductive system, delaying sexual maturity and interfering with the sex-hormone synthesis [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Pesticide Residues in Kola Nuts Obtained from Selected Markets in Southwestern, Nigeria

Paul¹

2013

JSRR

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Aims:To assess the level of pesticide residues in kola nuts. Study Design: Kola nuts were purchased in open markets within South Western, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study:The samples were obtained in markets within Oyo, Osun and Ogun States, Nigeria between November and December, 2012. Methodology: Kola nuts were sun-dried and pulverized. 3 g of each of the pulverized samples was extracted with acetonitrile saturated with hexane. Each of the extracts was subjected to clean-up followed by pesticide residue determination using HP 5890 II Gas Chromatograph.Results: Result show that, 50% of kola nuts samples obtained from Oyo State contained chlordane residue ranging from nd -0.123 µg kg -1 ; all the samples from Osun State had chlordane residue ranging from 0.103 to 0.115 µg kg -1 while 70% of kola nuts from Ogun State had chlordane residues (nd -0.12 µg kg -1 ). All samples from Ogun, Osun and Oyo States had endosulfan residues while 30 and 20% of kola nuts obtained from Osun and Ogun States had alachlor residues respectively. Conclusion:The presence of alachlor (herbicide), endosulfan and chlordane residues in kola nuts is an indication that, kola nuts processors use hazardous pesticides in the

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“…Higher concentrations of endosulfan was reported in bovine fat [75] and cattle meat [65] . Varying levels of endosulfan concentrations have been reported in cow milk Cisato et al, human tissues and cord blood samples [18] , adipose tissue [5] and human breast milk samples [16] , [84] , [81] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health risks associated with residual pesticide levels in edible tissues of slaughtered cattle in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

Tongo

Ezemonye

2015

Toxicology Reports

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Pesticide residues in meat is of growing concern due to possible adverse effects on humans. Pesticide levels were assessed in five edible cattle parts: muscle, liver, kidney and tongue tissues to determine human health risk associated with consumption of these tissues. Health risk estimates were analysed using estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for two (2) age/weight categories: 1–11years/30 kg for children while 70 kg was used for adult. Risks were categorized for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects and measured at the average, maximum, 50th and 95th percentiles of the measured exposure concentrations (MEC). Total pesticide residues ranged from 2.38 to 3.86 μg/kg (muscle), 3.58 to 6.3 μg/kg (liver), 1.87 to 4.59 μg/kg (kidney) and 2.54 to 4.35 μg/kg (tongue). Residual pesticide concentrations in the tissues were in the order: Liver > Tongue > Muscle > Kidney. The concentrations of all the assessed pesticides observed in the tissues were however lower than the recommended maximum residual limits (MRLs). Human health risk estimations for the children showed EDI values for heptachlor epoxide, aldrin and dieldrin exceeding threshold values. Non-cancer risk posed to children on consumption of contaminated cattle parts showed HQ values for heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin and HI values for organochlorines exceeding 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risks to consumers especially children from consumption of cattle meat from the selected abattoirs.

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Prenatal exposure to pesticides: A feasibility study among migrant and seasonal farmworkers

Abstract: We documented the feasibility of following farmworkers to assess in utero exposure to pesticides and other contaminants, and demonstrated exposure to these compounds. Difficulties in measuring pesticides with short half lives were noted.

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology

Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology

Appraisal of Pesticide Residues in Kola Nuts Obtained from Selected Markets in Southwestern, Nigeria

Human health risks associated with residual pesticide levels in edible tissues of slaughtered cattle in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

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