Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring

Abstract

Scope:The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development. Methods and results: C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galactooligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. From weaning, some pups nursed by CMO, GOS, and control-dams were fed the control diet for 30 days. CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams. Conclusion: Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning. Keywords:Caprine milk oligosaccharides / Development / Prebiotic / Pregnancy / Prenatal diet Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's web-site

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 and Goat Milk Oligosaccharides Show Synergism In Vitro as Anti-Infectives against Campylobacter jejuni

“…The ability of B. infantis ATCC 15697 to use multiple specific carbohydrate structures (2′FL, LNT, 3′SL, 6′SL, DSL, LNH, Sialic Acid, LSTc, LNnT and LNnH) within the pool was also Previous studies have demonstrated statistically significant increases in Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides growth following incubation with GMO [12]. Similarly, GMO has also been shown to increase levels of bifidobacteria using in vitro fermentation models and in in vivo mouse trials [15,39]. The prebiotic effect observed here is not surprising given that B. infantis ATCC 15697 is particularly adept at the utilising human milk glycans due to the presence of a 43 kb gene cluster responsible for their transport and utilization [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64].…”

“…enterica serovar Typhimurium to Caco-2 cells [13], possibly by acting as analogues of epithelial receptors on the gut cells [14]. In vivo studies have also indicated that ingestion of GMO by mice during gestation and lactation increased the relative abundance of bifidobacteria in the colon of their pups at weaning [15]. These studies suggest that a combination of both a probiotic and a prebiotic (GMO) could provide a synergistic effect and may be an effective strategy to enhance the persistence and metabolic activity of specific beneficial bifidobacterial strains.…”

Potential Impact of Metabolic and Gut Microbial Response to Pregnancy and Lactation in Lean and Diet‐Induced Obese Rats on Offspring Obesity Risk

“…Moreover, many studies aimed at elucidating these mechanisms often focus on the effects in offspring, rather than on the mothers themselves . Finally, both obesity‐induced and diet‐induced changes in maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy and lactation play a role in the establishment of offspring gut microbiota, which can ultimately impact offspring development, obesity risk, and overall health. This underscores the urgent need to understand the metabolic mechanisms underlying maternal adaptations in obese and lean mothers.…”

Goat Milk Whey Improves Nutritional Status, Fecal Microbial Composition and Intestinal Morphology in Female Rats Fed a Westernized Diet and Their Offspring

“…However, not only diet composition, but also the supplementation period may interfere in this response because increased visceral fat was not observed in the control group receiving GMW supplementation. Although previous study have found that the decrease of visceral fat in offspring was higher when the supplementation with oligosaccharides derived from GMW was administered only during gestation [31].…”

“…The steatosis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as pathologic accumulation of fat in the form of triglycerides, which when associated with cellular injury and inflammation coupled with the excessive fat accumulation is referred to as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-NASH [33]. A previous study also observed hepatic steatosis in rats fed with goat's milk rich in conjugated linoleic acid [31], but this effect still causes controversial results among researches [34,35,36]. The NAFLD is a disease associated with dietary fat intake independent of excess caloric consumption [37] and often associated with the most common clinical features of metabolic syndrome, such as central obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension [38] reaching prevalence in the general population of Western countries ranges from 25% to 30% [39].…”