Prenatal and Postnatal Milk Supplementation and Adult Insulin-like Growth Factor I: Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Ben‐Shlomo, Yoav; Holly, Jeff M.P.; McCarthy, Anne; Savage, Paul B.; Davies, David; Smith, George Davey

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0908

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition to modulating growth, elevated IGF-I levels in infancy may also have further long-term effects. Formula feeding, HP intakes, and higher IGF-I levels in infancy have been associated with lower IGF-I levels in later life [72][73][74][75], whereas breastfeeding is associated with lower IGF-I in infancy but higher IGF-I in later childhood [72]. In healthy adults, a lower IGF-I concentration has been associated with an increased risk of both ischemic heart disease and diabetes [76] as well as with increased incidence of malignancies such as prostate and breast cancer [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Influences of Nutrition on Postnatal Growth

Koletzko¹,

Beyer²,

Brands³

et al. 2013

Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series

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Health and nutrition modulate postnatal growth. The availability of amino acids and energy, and insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulates early growth through the mTOR pathway. Amino acids and glucose also stimulate the secretion of IGF-I and insulin. Postnatal growth induces lasting, programming effects on later body size and adiposity in animals and in human observational studies. Rapid weight gain in infancy and the first 2 years was shown to predict increased obesity risk in childhood and adulthood. Breastfeeding leads to lesser high weight gain in infancy and reduces obesity risk in later life by about 20%, presumably partly due to the lower protein supply with human milk than conventional infant formula. In a large randomized clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that reduced infant formula protein contents lower insulin-releasing amino acid concentrations and thereby decrease circulating insulin and IGF-I levels, resulting in lesser early weight gain and reduced later obesity risk (the 'Early Protein Hypothesis'). The results demonstrate that lowered protein in infant formula induces similar -but not equal -metabolic and endocrine responses and normalizes weight and BMI relative to breastfed controls at the age of 2 years. The results available should lead to enhanced efforts to actively promote, protect and support breastfeeding. For infants that are not breastfed or not fully breastfed, the use of infant formulas with lower protein contents but high protein quality appears preferable. Cows' milk as a drink provides high protein intake and should be avoided in infancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Influences of Nutrition on Postnatal Growth

Koletzko¹,

Beyer²,

Brands³

et al. 2013

Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series

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“…While the influence of early-life exposures on childhood IGF levels and of adult exposures, including diet, on adult IGF levels are relatively well characterized (Juul et al, 1994;Thissen et al, 1994;Kaklamani et al, 1999;Holmes et al, 2002b;Gunnell et al, 2003;Hoppe et al, 2004b;Rogers et al, 2005Rogers et al, , 2006, very few reports have examined childhood influences on the IGF system in adulthood (Ben Shlomo et al, 2003;Elias et al, 2004a;van Noord, 2004;Ben-Shlomo et al, 2005;Martin et al, 2005b). We had hypothesized that study members whose childhood family diet was energy-rich would have higher IGF levels in adulthood but we found no evidence for this, and there were no cross-sectional associations of adult energy intake with IGF levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrition plays an important role in regulating IGF-I (Thissen et al, 1994;Holmes et al, 2002b;Gunnell et al, 2003;Elias et al, 2004a;Hoppe et al, 2004b;Ben-Shlomo et al, 2005;Martin et al, 2005b;Rogers et al, 2005Rogers et al, , 2006, with high energy and animal protein diets increasing, and energy restriction decreasing, circulating levels. Recent studies showing inverse associations of milk (including one randomized trial of milk-supplemented diets (Ben-Shlomo et al, 2005)) and energy intake in early-life with IGF-I levels several years later (Elias et al, 2004a;Ben-Shlomo et al, 2005;Martin et al, 2005b), indicate the possibility that IGF-I levels in adulthood are 'programmed' by early nutrition (van Noord, 2004). Such programming may mediate associations of childhood diet and height with cancer , diabetes and coronary heart disease (Davey Langenberg et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood diet and insulin-like growth factors in adulthood: 65-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr Cohort

et al. 2007

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Objective: High levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are associated with an increased cancer risk and reduce risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease. We investigated associations of diet in childhood, in particular energy intake, with the IGF system in adulthood to determine if IGF-I -disease associations could be linked to early nutrition. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Sixteen survey centres in England and Scotland that originally participated in the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of Diet and Health in Pre-War Britain, 1937-1939. Subjects: Seven hundred and twenty-eight participants (679 with complete data) in the Boyd Orr cohort. Methods: Participants were originally surveyed between 1937 and 1939 (at median age 5.8 years; inter-quartile range: 2.9-9.6) and were followed up for 65 years. Dietary exposure in childhood was assessed from 7-day household food inventories. Outcomes are expressed as regression coefficients for the change in IGF per standard deviation increased childhood nutrient or food intake, as derived from levels of household consumption. Results: In fully-adjusted models, energy-rich family diets in childhood were not associated with IGF-I (regression coefficient: 0.9 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI): À1.8, 3.7), IGF-II, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP)-2 or IGFBP-3 in adulthood. IGF-I was associated inversely with childhood family-diets high in milk (À2.5 ng/ml; À5.1, 0.1; P ¼ 0.05) and positively with vegetable-rich diets (3.5 ng/ml; 0.9, 6.1; P ¼ 0.009). IGF-I was not associated with family diets rich in protein, carbohydrates, fats, calcium, meat or fruit. IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were not related to childhood family diet. Conclusions: This study suggests that energy-rich family diets in childhood do not program the IGF system in adulthood. As childhood diet was based on household consumption, however, measurement error may obscure individual-level diet-IGF associations. The associations of milk-and vegetable-rich family diets in childhood with IGF-I could be chance findings, but nevertheless are consistent with recent publications and warrant further investigation.

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“…Возможно, именно с этим связаны более высокие пока-затели ИМТ и набора веса у детей. По данным исследо-вателей, повышенное потребление белка увеличивает продукцию инсулина и IGF1, обладающих адипогенным действием и увеличивающих риск развития ожирения [29]. По данным С. Hoppe и соавт., таким действием обла-дает только молочный белок [30].…”

Section: вопросы современной педиатрииunclassified