Prenatal and postnatal imaging techniques in the evaluation of disorders of sex development

Gonçalves, Luís F.; Hill, Halsey; Bailey, Smita

doi:10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2019.150839

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A total of 29 records (38.7%) included medical photographs of the patient’s body or body parts. In most cases, they were close-ups of genitals—mainly from infants or children (AbouZeid & Mohammad, 2020 ; Barham et al, 2016 ; Baskin, 2017 ; Deeb et al, 2016 ; Fadil Iturralde et al, 2020 ; Goncalves et al, 2019 ; Heo et al, 2018 ; Jayanthi et al, 2017 ; Jesus et al, 2018 ; Kearsey & Hutson, 2017 ; Marei et al, 2016 ; Matsumoto et al, 2017 ; Morozumi et al, 2018 ; Nasir et al, 2019 ; Ochi et al, 2019 ; Saikia et al, 2019 ; Şimşek et al, 2016 ; Sperling & Meyer, 2017 ; Wagner-Mahler et al, 2019 ), but in a few cases also of adolescents (Chouhan et al, 2017 ; Hunter et al, 2016 ; Tambo et al, 2016 ) and adults (Larios García & Bautista Delgado, 2016 ; Patil et al, 2019 ; Singh et al, 2016 ). Three papers also contained images of breasts (Singh et al, 2016 ) and/or fully body shots (Khare et al, 2017 ; Mirshahvalad et al, 2018 ) of adolescents whose eyes were obscured with a black line.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One paper contained images of the genitals of both children and adolescents (Raveenthiran, 2017 ). Most of the 29 papers were case studies, but there were also 4 theoretical studies (Baskin, 2017 ; Goncalves et al, 2019 ; Kearsey & Hutson, 2017 ; Raveenthiran, 2017 ) and one survey study (Deeb et al, 2019 ). One paper focused on the use of imaging techniques in the identification of DSD (Goncalves et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the 29 papers were case studies, but there were also 4 theoretical studies (Baskin, 2017 ; Goncalves et al, 2019 ; Kearsey & Hutson, 2017 ; Raveenthiran, 2017 ) and one survey study (Deeb et al, 2019 ). One paper focused on the use of imaging techniques in the identification of DSD (Goncalves et al, 2019 ). Medical photographs were used over the full 2016–2020 interval.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…normal vagina, normal penis, normal ovaries, normal testes, normal labia, normal ovarian tubes, normal fallopian tubes, abnormality of scrotum). Only in some occasions did the authors explain in more detail why these organs were considered (ab)normal, namely in terms of appearance (Adrião et al, 2020 ; Barham et al, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Chowdhury et al, 2018 ; Fadil Iturralde et al, 2020 ; Hernández et al, 2016 ; Nasir et al, 2019 ; Ochi et al, 2019 ; Özdemir et al, 2019 ; Patil et al, 2019 ; Roth et al, 2018 ; Schteingart et al, 2019 ; Weaver et al, 2019 ), size (Adrião et al, 2020 ; Marei et al, 2016 ; Matsumoto et al, 2017 ; Mondal et al, 2016 ; Rich et al, 2016 ; Schteingart et al, 2019 ), length (AbouZeid & Mohammad, 2020 ; Finlayson et al, 2019 ; Goncalves et al, 2019 ; Morandi et al, 2018 ; Raveenthiran, 2017 ; van Leeuwen et al, 2019 ), location (Finlayson et al, 2019 ), and function (Heo et al, 2018 ; Lepais et al, 2016 ; Poyrazoglu et al, 2017 ; Raveendran et al, 2019 ; Raveenthiran, 2017 ). Some examples include: normal looking genitalia, normal appearing uterus, normal penis size, abnormal enlargement of clitoris, vagina with normal length, normally descended testes, abnormal location of the urethral meatus, and normal testicular function.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

“Waking up” the sleeping metaphor of normality in connection to intersex or DSD: a scoping review of medical literature

Clercq

Starke

Rost

2022

HPLS

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The aim of the study is to encourage a critical debate on the use of normality in the medical literature on DSD or intersex. For this purpose, a scoping review was conducted to identify and map the various ways in which “normal” is used in the medical literature on DSD between 2016 and 2020. We identified 75 studies, many of which were case studies highlighting rare cases of DSD, others, mainly retrospective observational studies, focused on improving diagnosis or treatment. The most common use of the adjective normal was in association with phenotypic sex. Overall, appearance was the most commonly cited criteria to evaluate the normality of sex organs. More than 1/3 of the studies included also medical photographs of sex organs. This persistent use of normality in reference to phenotypic sex is worrisome given the long-term medicalization of intersex bodies in the name of a “normal” appearance or leading a “normal” life. Healthcare professionals should be more careful about the ethical implications of using photographs in publications given that many intersex persons describe their experience with medical photography as dehumanizing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

“Waking up” the sleeping metaphor of normality in connection to intersex or DSD: a scoping review of medical literature

Clercq

Starke

Rost

2022

HPLS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Significant morbidity and mortality is still associated with anterior abdominal wall abnormalities such omphalocele, gastroschisis, and bladder exstrophy. The most frequent gastrointestinal abnormalities are esophageal atresia, followed by duodenal atresia, jejunoileal atresia, and anorectal atresia [7]. The differential diagnosis for a cystic abdominal mass in a fetus encompasses a wide range of possibilities, such as ovarian cysts in female fetuses, choledochal cysts, hepatic, splenic, or pancreatic cysts, mesenteric cysts, meconium pseudocyst, adrenal hemorrhagic cysts, renal cysts, and intestinal duplication cysts [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Diagnostic Value of 4D Ultrasound in Evaluation of Congenital Fetal Abdominal and Genitourinary Anomalies

Samadony,

Arabawy,

Younes

et al. 2023

JAMMR

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Background: The utilization of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound technology offers supplementary capabilities, such as multiplanar mode, tomographic mode, and surface rendering mode. These additional functionalities contribute to the precise identification and diagnosis of fetal congenital abnormalities. The aim of this was to determine the accuracy of 4D sonography in assessing the congenital fetal abdominal and genito-urinary anomalies of second and third trimesters in high-risk females, compared to the two-dimensional (2D) sonography. Methods: The study was carried out on 50 high-risk pregnant women from 20 to 36 weeks with suspected congenital abdominal and genito-urinary anomalies by 2D US and then by 4D US. Data collected from both modalities were evaluated separately using a four-point “Likert scale”. The diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal follow-up. Results: 4D US reported a statistically significant difference in the accuracy/diagnostic confidence in the detection of abdominal & genito-urinary anomalies and in detection of associated fetal congenital anomalies in other body systems as compared to 2D US. Conclusions: 4D US is a valuable adjunct to 2D US owing to its ability to improve the diagnostic capability of fetal congenital anomalies by offering additional anatomical information through its different display modes.

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Predictive value of ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias: hints for accurate diagnosis

Uygur

Sivrikoz

Kalelioğlu

et al. 2023

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Objectives This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of targeted ultrasound examination in prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias and to evaluate the predictive values of defined ultrasonographic findings of hypospadias. Methods The cases diagnosed with hypospadias in our fetal medicine center were identified on an electronic database. The ultrasound reports, images and hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. The predictive value of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and the predictive values of each sonographic finding were assessed according to the postnatal clinical examinations. Results Thirty-nine cases were diagnosed with hypospadias on ultrasound during the 6 years. Nine fetuses with missing postnatal examination records were excluded. Twentytwo of the remaining fetuses had their prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias confirmed in postnatal examinations, indicating a 73.3 % positive predictive value. Normal external genitalia was detected in postnatal examinations of three fetuses. Five fetuses were diagnosed with other external genital abnormalities, including micropenis (n=2), clitoromegaly (n=2), and buried penis with bifid scrotum (n=1) in postnatal examinations. The positive predictive value of prenatal ultrasound for any external genital abnormality was 90 %. Conclusions Although the positive predictive value of ultrasound for genital anomalies is satisfying, it is slightly lower for the specific diagnosis of hypospadias. This reflects overlapping ultrasound findings of different external genitalia anomalies. Standardized, systematic evaluation of the internal and external genital organs, karyotyping and genetic sex determination are essential to achieve a precise prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias.

show abstract

Prenatal and postnatal imaging techniques in the evaluation of disorders of sex development

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

“Waking up” the sleeping metaphor of normality in connection to intersex or DSD: a scoping review of medical literature

“Waking up” the sleeping metaphor of normality in connection to intersex or DSD: a scoping review of medical literature

Assessment of Diagnostic Value of 4D Ultrasound in Evaluation of Congenital Fetal Abdominal and Genitourinary Anomalies

Predictive value of ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias: hints for accurate diagnosis

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