Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Predicts Continued Deficits in Offspring Size at 14 Years of Age

Day, Nancy L.; Leech, Sharon L.; Richardson, Gale A.; Cornelius, Marie D.; Robles, Nadine; Larkby, Cynthia

doi:10.1097/00000374-200210000-00017

Cited by 54 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The negative effect on infant head circumference of maternal alcohol intake is well documented (Day et al, 2002). Alcohol consumption in the subjects was reportedly low, but even so month 7 intake had a negative impact on infant head circumference in winter.…”

Section: Relationships Between Maternal Nutrient Intake and Infant Bimentioning

confidence: 64%

Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth

Watson

McDonald

2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: To determine, firstly, if there was any seasonal effect on nutrient intake during pregnancy and birth measures, secondly, if there was any relationship between maternal nutrient intake and infant birth measures according to season and thirdly, to consider the hypothesis that seasonal change in nutrient intake during pregnancy might affect health in later life of some women's offspring. Design: Pilot study to determine number of days required to characterize group intake followed by a prospective cohort study. Setting: Patients attending a city ante-natal clinic in the lower North Island, New Zealand. Subjects: A total of 214 healthy mostly European pregnant women volunteers, entering the second trimester of pregnancy, of whom 10 miscarried and seven withdrew. Methods: Subjects were visited in months 4 and 7 of pregnancy, and months 2, 6 and 12 after birth. Height, weight and skinfolds were measured and questionnaires to determine personal details administered at these times. Subjects recorded 8 days of weighed diets in both the fourth and seventh month. Health records were used to supply infant measures. Results: Significant (Pp0.05) seasonal variations in fat, carbohydrate, vitamin C and D, B vitamins, b-carotene, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, sulfur, sodium, chloride, zinc and selenium intakes were found. No significant 'main effect' difference in gestational age, infant birthweight, and head circumference was found with season. However, there were significant interactions (Pp0.05) for each birth season between birth measures and specific maternal nutrients at months 4 and 7 of pregnancy. Conclusion: The significant seasonal variations in nutrient intake in pregnant women, and significant influence of nutrient intake on birth measures in different seasons, suggests seasonal nutrient variation may also affect fetal development at a cellular level. This supports our hypothesis that the development of conditions related to season of birth, including schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes and longevity, may be influenced by seasonal variation in nutrient intake during pregnancy.

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Section: Relationships Between Maternal Nutrient Intake and Infant Bimentioning

confidence: 64%

Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth

Watson

McDonald

2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Adolescents aged 14 years, exposed to an average of three or more drinks • per week in the first trimester, had a decreased weight, height, head circumference and skin-fold thickness compared with controls (exposed to less than three drinks per week) (Day et al 2002) -there was a doseresponse relationship between growth deficit and prenatal alcohol exposure; effects on growth were detectable at average intakes of below one drink per day; and effects were most marked with exposure in the first trimester.…”

Section: Alcohol Exposure and Outcomes In Childhood And Adolescencementioning

confidence: 94%

Survey of alcohol-related presentations to Australasian emergency departments

et al. 2014

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Objective: To determine the proportion of alcohol‐related presentations to emergency departments (EDs) in Australia and New Zealand, at a single time point on a weekend night shift. Design, setting and participants: A point prevalence survey of ED patients either waiting to be seen or currently being seen conducted at 02:00 local time on 14 December 2013 in 106 EDs in Australia and New Zealand. Main outcome measures: The number of ED presentations that were alcohol‐related, defined using World Health Organization ICD‐10 codes. Results: At the 106 hospitals (92 Australia, 14 New Zealand) that provided data, 395 (14.3%; 95% CI, 13.0%–15.6%) of 2766 patients in EDs at the study time were presenting for alcohol‐related reasons; 13.8% (95% CI, 12.5%–15.2%) in Australia and 17.9% (95% CI, 13.9%–22.8%) in New Zealand. The distribution was skewed left, with proportions ranging from 0 to 50% and a median of 12.5%. Nine Australian hospitals and one New Zealand hospital reported that more than a third of their ED patients had alcohol‐related presentations; the Northern Territory (38.1%) and Western Australia (21.1%) reported the highest proportions of alcohol‐related presentations. Conclusions: One in seven ED presentations in Australian and New Zealand at this 02:00 snapshot were alcohol‐related, with some EDs seeing more than one in three alcohol‐related presentations. This confirms that alcohol‐related presentations to EDs are currently underreported and makes a strong case for public health initiatives.

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“…Although the long-term effects on skeletal health are unknown, exposure to high levels of ethanol in utero can result in permanent short stature [5] and delayed mean bone age in children up to 14 y of age [9]. In animal (rodent) models, prenatal ethanol exposure results in decreased body length and length of individual bones, delayed ossification and decreased skeletal maturity scores [14,15,17 and 20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal ethanol exposure disrupts the histological stages of fetal bone development

Snow

Keiver

2007

Bone

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Maternal ethanol intake during pregnancy results in impairments in general growth and skeletal development in the offspring. We have previously shown that ethanol retards skeletal ossification at doses lower than those that affect growth. Moreover skeletal sites vary in their sensitivity to ethanol effects, with more severe effects occurring in bones that undergo a greater proportion of their development in utero. Taken together, these data suggest that ethanol has specific effects on bone development, and that later stages in the ossification process may be particularly affected. Such effects could have important implications for the offspring's long-term bone health, as studies suggest that the intrauterine environment can program the skeleton. The present study examined the histological stages of bone development to determine if prenatal ethanol exposure alters the morphological development of the growth plate in the fetal rat. Rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol (Ethanol, E group), or without ethanol (Pair-Fed, PF, or Control, C groups) for 6 weeks: 3 weeks prior to breeding and during 3 weeks of pregnancy. Fetal tibiae were fixed, decalcified and stained for histological analysis on day 21 of gestation. Maternal ethanol intake resulted in a significant decrease in fetal total bone and diaphysis lengths, compared with tibiae from PF and C fetuses. Although the lengths of the epiphyses were not affected, ethanol disrupted the organization of the histological zones within the epiphyses. Prenatal ethanol exposure decreased the length of the resting zone, but increased the length of the hypertrophic zone. Enlargement of the hypertrophic zone is consistent with an effect of ethanol on the later stages of bone development; however ethanol's effect on the resting zone indicate that earlier stages of bone development may also be disrupted. The functional significance of these morphological changes to long-term bone health remains to be determined.

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Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Predicts Continued Deficits in Offspring Size at 14 Years of Age

Abstract: Prenatal alcohol exposure continues to affect size at age 14 years in this cohort of children followed since their fourth month of gestation.

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth

Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth

Survey of alcohol-related presentations to Australasian emergency departments

Prenatal ethanol exposure disrupts the histological stages of fetal bone development

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