Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth

Watson, P E; McDonald, Barry

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602644

Cited by 81 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Vitamin D may be a surrogate marker for other causative factors that vary between populations, particularly those with (35) . A recent study has demonstrated seasonal variation in gene expression in human lymphocytes and adipocytes (36) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D nuclear receptor and vitamin D binding protein have been associated with a wide variety of conditions (33,34) , and may explain why a study in the USA found that vitamin D deficiency (<37·5 nmol/l) was a risk factor for SGA in white women (adjusted OR 7·5; 95 % CI 1·8, 31·9) but not in black women (adjusted OR 1·5; 95 % CI 0·6, 3·5) (28) . This study found a non-linear association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and SGA, with an increased risk of SGA with concentrations >75 nmol/l (OR 2·2; 95 % CI 1·2, 3·8).Vitamin D may be a surrogate marker for other causative factors that vary between populations, particularly those with (35) . A recent study has demonstrated seasonal variation in gene expression in human lymphocytes and adipocytes (36) .…”

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confidence: 90%

“…However, most included studies did not correct for important confounders, and those that did were small. In addition, vitamin D deficiency was variably defined between 35 and 80 nmol/l or analysed in late pregnancy (9) .…”

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The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective cohort

et al. 2016

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Type of publicationArticle (peer-reviewed)Link to publisher's version http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516003202Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © The Authors 2016Embargo information Access to this article is restricted until 12 months after publication by the request of the publisher Abstract Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency have been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Controversy remains as findings have been inconsistent between disparate populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective pregnancy cohort. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration was analysed in serum samples collected at 15 weeks of gestation from 1710 New Zealand women participating in a large, observational study. Associations between vitamin D status and pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA) and gestational diabetes were investigated. The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 72·9 nmol/l. In all, 23 % had 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <50 nmol/l, and 5 % of participants had concentrations <25 nmol/l. Women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <75 nmol/l at 15 weeks of gestation were more likely to develop gestational diabetes mellitus than those with concentrations >75 nmol/l (OR 2·3; 95 % CI 1·1, 5·1). However, this effect was not significant when adjustments were made for BMI and ethnicity (OR 1·8; 95 % CI 0·8, 4·2). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration at 15 weeks was not associated with development of pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth or SGA infants. Pregnancy complications were low in this largely vitamin D-replete population.Key words: Vitamin D: Gestational diabetes mellitus: Pre-eclampsia Much progress has been made in the screening, diagnosis and management of important pregnancy disorders, but little progress has been made in the prevention of such disorders. Preeclampsia remains the second most common cause of maternal death worldwide (1) . Prematurity, mostly due to spontaneous preterm birth, is the leading cause of death among infants worldwide (2) . This is followed by growth restriction in term infants (3) . Furthermore, infants born preterm or with low birth weight have an increased risk of CVD and metabolic diseases later in life, the leading cause of death in adulthood (4) . The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing rapidly worldwide (5) and is associated with lifelong risks of metabolic disease in both mother and baby (6,7) . An association between low vitamin D and adverse pregnancy outcomes was first identified in the early 2000s (8) ; consequently, vitamin D has been postulated as a possible intervention strategy to reduce pregnancy complications. A recent meta-analysis found that low vitamin D, defined variably by the authors of included studies, was associated with an increased likelihood of pre-eclampsia (OR 1·79; 95 % CI 1·25, 2·58), small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies (OR 1·...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective cohort

et al. 2016

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“…This is true because in decades past there were important seasonal differences in nutrition, especially in developing countries such as Ukraine. These differences in access to high-quality food supply can potentially influence intrauterine growth, depending on the month of gestation [2]. Other possible triggering factors for developing type 2 diabetes, such as production of vitamin D [3] and outdoor temperature [4], also tend to change seasonally.…”

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Seasonality of birth in adult type 2 diabetic patients in three Ukrainian regions

et al. 2009

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To the Editor: Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown a link between poor fetal growth and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes [1]. Month of birth is a good instrument for the assessment of effects of early growth on adult health independent of life-course factors. This is true because in decades past there were important seasonal differences in nutrition, especially in developing countries such as Ukraine. These differences in access to high-quality food supply can potentially influence intrauterine growth, depending on the month of gestation [2]. Other possible triggering factors for developing type 2 diabetes, such as production of vitamin D [3] and outdoor temperature [4], also tend to change seasonally.Seasonal pattern of birth in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents was repeatedly described around the world, including our recent study in Ukraine [5]. In contrast, the seasonality of birth in type 2 diabetic patients was previously reported only in a few small-sample studies, e.g. in 155 African-American type 2 diabetic adolescent [6] and 282 adult patients in the Netherlands [7]. To study whether abnormal seasonality of birth exists in middle-to old-aged type 2 diabetic patients in Ukraine, we compared the month-of-birth patterns in type 2 diabetic patients in three large Ukrainian regions with those in general populations.Information on date of birth, sex and year of diagnosis was extracted from the nationwide primary-care-based Ukrainian diabetes mellitus register created in 2000 in the Institute of Endocrinology, Kiev, Ukraine. The definition of type 2 diabetes was based on onset after 39 years of age, irrespective of the type of treatment.Cases were identified from the three regional diabetes registers with high completeness of ascertainment: Chernigiv (100%), Kherson (99.7%) and Rivne (86.2%). These registers cover 7.4% of the total Ukraine population. A female excess was evident in all three registers. Cases were all people alive with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes as of 1 January 2008, and who were diagnosed at age 40 or later. Only people born before 1 January 1960 were included; thus all cases included were at least 48. In total, 17,510 male and 34,704 female type 2 diabetic patients were finally included in the study. Reference populations were based on the Ukraine census 2001 depersonalised data. These populations included people who had been born during the same period and were residents of the same regions: Chernigiv, 247,253 men and 369,357 women; Kherson, 208,944

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“…Considering that adult health might be programmed early in life, it is interesting to study the nutritional basis for effects of maternal diet on the offspring. Previous studies have investigated how a variety of nutritional compounds including fish oils, 19,20 vitamins, [21][22][23] minerals 24 and macronutrients 25,26 may affect offspring phenotype, but most studies have concerned protein composition in the mother's diet during pregnancy or lactation and obesity risk of offspring. 4,12,27,28 In this study, we investigate how variation in protein to carbohydrate balance of maternal food before mating affects fat deposition of adult offspring mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal preconceptional nutrition leads to variable fat deposition and gut dimensions of adult offspring mice (C57BL/6JBom)

et al. 2010

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Background: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy or lactation may affect the chance of offspring becoming obese as adults, but little is known regarding the possible role of maternal nutrition before conception. In this study, we investigate how variable protein and carbohydrate content of the diet consumed before pregnancy affects fat deposition and gut dimensions of offspring mice. Methods: Eight-week-old female mice (C57BL/6JBom) were fed isocaloric low protein (8.4% protein; LP), standard protein (21.5% protein; ST) or high protein (44.2% protein; HP) diets. After 8 weeks of feeding, females were mated and fed a standard laboratory chow diet (22.5% protein) throughout periods of mating, gestation, lactation and weaning. Offspring mice were fed the same standard diet up to 46 days of age. Then offspring were killed and measures of dissected fat deposits and of the digestive system were taken. Results: Fat deposition of the offspring was significantly affected by preconceptional maternal nutrition and the effects differed between sexes. Male offspring deposited most fat when mothers were fed the LP diet, whereas female offspring deposited most fat when mothers were fed the ST diet. The mass and length of the digestive organs were affected by preconceptional maternal nutrition. Total gut from pyloric sphincter to anus was significantly shorter and dry mass was heavier in mice whose mothers were fed LP diets compared with offspring of mothers fed ST diets or HP diets. There was no significant effect of maternal nutrition on dry mass of the stomach or ceca. Conclusion: Our study shows that preconceptional nutrition can have important influence on several body features of offspring in mice, including body composition and dimensions of the digestive system.

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Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth

Cited by 81 publications

References 62 publications

The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective cohort

The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective cohort

Seasonality of birth in adult type 2 diabetic patients in three Ukrainian regions

Maternal preconceptional nutrition leads to variable fat deposition and gut dimensions of adult offspring mice (C57BL/6JBom)

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