Premorbid speech and language impairments in childhood-onset schizophrenia: Association with risk factors

Neurobiology and phenotypic expression in early onset schizophrenia

“…13,39 Developmental impairments have been reported in language (23%), motor (31%) and social functionings (36%). 13 EOS appears to be associated with greater neurodevelopmental deviance reflected in premorbid abnormalities 39,41,[46][47][48][49][50] and social maladjustment. 15,36,51,52 Although these developmental and social impairments are more prevalent in child and adolescent forms of the illness, follow-up studies using population-based cohorts of adult-onset schizophrenia populations report similar developmental deviance.…”

“…15,36,51,52 Although these developmental and social impairments are more prevalent in child and adolescent forms of the illness, follow-up studies using population-based cohorts of adult-onset schizophrenia populations report similar developmental deviance. [53][54][55] Nicolson et al 47 reported that 50% of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) showed premorbid language/speech, motor and social impairments. In comparison, the 1946 British Birth Cohort study reported that developmental delays in language and motor developments were only found in 10% of individuals who were destined to develop the disorder in adulthood.…”

Pretreatment social functioning predicts 1‐year outcome in early onset psychosis

“…Premorbid as well as pretreatment social functioning in EOP and its association to outcome is important as prodromal and psychotic symptoms hit adolescents in the midst of their bio‐psychosocial development (6). Research suggests that premorbid social and developmental impairment is more common in EOP compared with adult onset psychosis (7–11), particularly in early onset schizophrenia (12). Additionally, results of a retrospective study by Hollis (12) of 110 subjects with EOP point to a specific continuity between premorbid impairment and negative symptoms in this age group.…”

A novel syndrome with psychiatric features and review of malformation syndromes with psychiatric disorders

“…The psychoeducational assessments done at 7 and 12 years of age showed a reduction in his overall IQ and coincided with his increasing behavioral problems and the progression of his psychiatric illness. Multiple studies examining premorbid functioning in children and adolescents who develop psychiatric illness have shown an association with (1) poor speech and language development [Asarnow et al, 1995; Nicolson et al, 2000], (2) cognitive impairment including distractibility and memory impairment, poor verbal comprehension and poor perceptual organization [Asarnow et al, 1987; Heinrichs and Zakzanis, 1998], and (3) behavioral abnormalities and social withdrawal [Tolbert, 1996; McClellan et al, 2003]. These problems often precede the first psychotic episode by many years and continue well after the onset of psychiatric disease [Cannon et al, 2002; Caspi et al, 2003; Muratori et al, 2005].…”