“…For example, in the United States, up to 86% of women with dysmenorrhea do not seek health care from clinicians (Banikarim, Chacko, & Kelder, 2000; Chen, Kwekkeboom, & Ward, 2016; O’Connell, Davis, & Westhoff, 2006; White & Wildman, 1986). Similar findings have been reported in studies done in recent and older studies the United Kingdom (Hewison & van den Akker, 1996), Malaysia (Wong, 2011), Japan (Tanaka et al, 2013), Hong Kong (Chan, Yiu, Yuen, Sahota, & Chung, 2009), Taiwan (Chiu, Wang, Hsu, & Liu, 2013) and Nigeria (Nwankwo, Aniebue, & Aniebue, 2010). …”