Premature ovarian insufficiency in young girls: repercussions on uterine volume and bone mineral density

Bakhsh, Hanadi; Dei, Metella; Bucciantini, Sandra; Balzi, Daniela; Bruni, Vincenzina

doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.958987

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…They reported that age generally, age at the onset of POI, and reproductive age were factors associated with BMD of the lumbar spine. Total body BMD is significantly correlated with the duration of ovarian function in POI patients ( 80 , 99 ).…”

Section: Symptoms and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of the Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment Options in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

Ishizuka

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

100

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Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) occurs in at least 1% of all women and causes life-long health problems and psychological stress. Infertility caused by POI used to be considered absolute, with infertility treatment having little or no value. Generally, it has been thought that medicine can provide little service to these patients. The etiology of POI has been found to be genetic, chromosomal, and autoimmune. In addition, the increasing numbers of cancer survivors are candidates for iatrogenic POI, along with patients who have undergone ovarian surgery, especially laparoscopic surgery. Over 50 genes are known to be causally related to POI, and the disease course of some cases has been clarified, but in most cases, the genetic background remains unexplained, suggesting that more genes associated with the etiology of POI need to be discovered. Thus, in most cases, the genetic background of POI has not been clarified. Monosomy X is well known to manifest as Turner’s syndrome and is associated with primary amenorrhea, but recent studies have shown that some women with numerical abnormalities of the X chromosome can have spontaneous menstruation up to their twenties and thirties, and some even conceive. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended for women with POI from many perspectives. It alleviates vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms and prevents bone loss and cardiovascular disease. POI has been reported to reduce quality of life and life expectancy, and HRT may help improve both. Most of the problems that may occur with HRT in postmenopausal women do not apply to women with POI; thus, in POI, HRT should be considered physiological replacement of estrogen (+progesterone). This review describes some new approaches to infertility treatment in POI patients that may lead to new treatments for POI, along with the development of more sensitive markers of secondary/preantral follicles and genetic diagnosis.

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Section: Symptoms and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of the Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment Options in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

Ishizuka

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

100

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“…It is characterized by a continuous decline in ovarian function, and resulting in an earlier cessation of menstruation than normal [ 12 ]. Women with POI are faced with increased risk of low chance of natural conception [ 4 , 38 ], urogenital atrophy [ 34 ], decrease in bone mineral density [ 3 ], autoimmune and thyroid disease risk [ 11 ], cognitive dysfunction [ 18 ], shortened life expectancy [ 30 ], and cardiovascular disease [ 44 , 15 ]. POI is a multifactorial disease [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between premature ovarian insufficiency and gut microbiota

Zhuo

Liu

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by impairment of ovarian function on a continuum before the age of 40 years. POI is affected by multiple factors. Considering new insights from recent gut microbiome studies, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbial community structure and POI. Methods Subjects were recruited at the Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital. Fecal microbial community profiles of healthy women (n = 18), women with POI (n = 35) were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing based on Illumina NovaSeq platform. Results Compared to the controls, the serum levels of FSH, LH, T and FSH/LH ratio significantly increased in women with POI, whereas E2 and AMH decreased significantly. Higher weighted UniFrac value was observed in POI women compared with healthy women. Phylum Firmicutes, genera Bulleidia and Faecalibacterium were more abundant in healthy women, while phylum Bacteroidetes, genera Butyricimonas, Dorea, Lachnobacterium and Sutterella enriched significantly in women with POI. Moreover, these alterations of the gut microbiome in women with POI were closely related to FSH, LH, E2, AMH level and FSH/LH ratio. Conclusions Women with POI had altered microbial profiles in their gut microbiome, which were associated with serum hormones levels. These results will shed a new light on the pathogenesis and treatment for POI.

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“…Estrogen deficiency in adolescents leads to underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, which can lead to a range of mental health problems, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Patients with POF have a higher risk of osteoporosis than post-menopausal women [15]. In adolescent patients with POF, administration of estrogen in small doses and gradually increasing the dosage is an alternative treatment for stimulating normal development, along with the basic treatment of calcium and vitamin D administration.…”

Section: Treatment Of Pof In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adolescent girl with premature ovarian failure, Graves’ disease, and chronic urticaria: a case report

et al. 2020

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Background Premature ovarian failure is characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and hypergonadotropinism, and occurs in women under 40 years of age. The prevalence of premature ovarian failure in women younger than 20 years of age is only 0.01%. Immune disorders are one of the causes of premature ovarian failure. Graves’ disease and chronic urticaria are also associated with immune disorders. Case presentation We report a case of a 15-year-old Han Chinese girl with premature ovarian failure complicated by Graves’ disease and chronic urticaria. She experienced menarche at 13 years of age and presented with amenorrhea after 7 months of irregular menstruation. Laboratory examinations indicated hypoestrogenism and hypergonadotropinism. Ultrasound imaging revealed that her uterus and ovaries were small in size. Gene and antibody tests related to premature ovarian failure returned negative results. Both thyroid peroxidase autoantibody and thyrotropin receptor antibody were positive. After reviewing the literature on the relationship between these three diseases and immune disorders, our patient was diagnosed as having atypical autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. After taking small doses of estrogen for 6 months, the size of her uterus increased, and her psychological anxiety was relieved. Conclusions We report a case of an unusual association of premature ovarian failure, Graves’ disease, and chronic urticaria. This case presents an atypical combination of adolescent autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, which is worthy of the attention of clinicians and presents an important lesson for them. Our case highlights that premature ovarian failure in adolescents requires long-term follow-up and medical treatment as well as psychological counselling.

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Premature ovarian insufficiency in young girls: repercussions on uterine volume and bone mineral density

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Current Understanding of the Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment Options in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

Current Understanding of the Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment Options in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

Association between premature ovarian insufficiency and gut microbiota

An adolescent girl with premature ovarian failure, Graves’ disease, and chronic urticaria: a case report

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